Biology STAAR Review RC #2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Nucleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a biomolecule that stores and transmits genetic
information such as DNA
Trait - CORRECT ANSWER - a characteristic of an organism that is determined by
specific proteins coded in the nucleotide bases of DNA (ex. hitchhiker's thumb)
Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - a long strand of DNA all coiled up
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - the monomer of DNA; made of 3 parts - deoxyribose
sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
Deoxyribose sugar - CORRECT ANSWER - the sugar in DNA that is covalently bonded
to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
Phosphate group - CORRECT ANSWER - group that covalently bonds to the deoxyribose
sugar along the sides
Sugar-phosphate backbone - CORRECT ANSWER - the "sides" of a DNA molecule;
sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate, etc.
Nitrogenous base - CORRECT ANSWER - A, T, C, G in the middle of DNA; the order
determines traits, or characteristics
Adenine - CORRECT ANSWER - nitrogenous base "A"; connects to thymine
, Thymine - CORRECT ANSWER - nitrogenous base "T"; connects to adenine
Guanine - CORRECT ANSWER - nitrogenous base "G"; connects to cytosine
Cytosine - CORRECT ANSWER - nitrogenous base "C"; connects to guanine
Base pairing - CORRECT ANSWER - the rule of how nitrogenous bases are paired: A-T,
G-C ( - = hydrogen bond) ((Remember: Austin Texas, Great City.))
Complimentary nucleotides - CORRECT ANSWER - another term for base pair but
includes the sugar and phosphate groups also
Double helix shape - CORRECT ANSWER - the spiral shape of DNA like a staircase
Antiparallel - CORRECT ANSWER - one side of DNA is upside down and the other is
right side up (3' to 5', 5' to 3')
Covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical bond where electrons are shared
between atoms (ex. sugar to phosphate group)
Hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER - the chemical bond between two polar molecules
where hydrogen (H) is attracted to a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen (O) or nitrogen
(N)
Genetic code - CORRECT ANSWER - A, T, C, and G; all living organisms use the same
4-letter code to make proteins
Genome - CORRECT ANSWER - All of the chromosomes of a species (ex. humans have
2 pairs of 23 for a total of 46)
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Nucleic acid - CORRECT ANSWER - a biomolecule that stores and transmits genetic
information such as DNA
Trait - CORRECT ANSWER - a characteristic of an organism that is determined by
specific proteins coded in the nucleotide bases of DNA (ex. hitchhiker's thumb)
Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - a long strand of DNA all coiled up
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - the monomer of DNA; made of 3 parts - deoxyribose
sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
Deoxyribose sugar - CORRECT ANSWER - the sugar in DNA that is covalently bonded
to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
Phosphate group - CORRECT ANSWER - group that covalently bonds to the deoxyribose
sugar along the sides
Sugar-phosphate backbone - CORRECT ANSWER - the "sides" of a DNA molecule;
sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate, etc.
Nitrogenous base - CORRECT ANSWER - A, T, C, G in the middle of DNA; the order
determines traits, or characteristics
Adenine - CORRECT ANSWER - nitrogenous base "A"; connects to thymine
, Thymine - CORRECT ANSWER - nitrogenous base "T"; connects to adenine
Guanine - CORRECT ANSWER - nitrogenous base "G"; connects to cytosine
Cytosine - CORRECT ANSWER - nitrogenous base "C"; connects to guanine
Base pairing - CORRECT ANSWER - the rule of how nitrogenous bases are paired: A-T,
G-C ( - = hydrogen bond) ((Remember: Austin Texas, Great City.))
Complimentary nucleotides - CORRECT ANSWER - another term for base pair but
includes the sugar and phosphate groups also
Double helix shape - CORRECT ANSWER - the spiral shape of DNA like a staircase
Antiparallel - CORRECT ANSWER - one side of DNA is upside down and the other is
right side up (3' to 5', 5' to 3')
Covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical bond where electrons are shared
between atoms (ex. sugar to phosphate group)
Hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER - the chemical bond between two polar molecules
where hydrogen (H) is attracted to a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen (O) or nitrogen
(N)
Genetic code - CORRECT ANSWER - A, T, C, and G; all living organisms use the same
4-letter code to make proteins
Genome - CORRECT ANSWER - All of the chromosomes of a species (ex. humans have
2 pairs of 23 for a total of 46)
