FPatho Exam 4 Review
1) Bacteria that may cause Scaring in the Urethra, Fallopian Tube, and
Epididymis are caused by Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. They are the two
most common causes of scarring in the organs, and Gonorrhea can also
suppress the lymphatic system.
2) Gonorrhea is a Gram-Negative Bacteria.
3) Signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea infection are Dysuria, Purulent Vaginal
or Penile discharge. Why does this happen? Because of the inflammatory
-
-
response in the columnar epithelium.
4) What are the 4 stages of Syphilis?
(a) Primary phase (Chancre: ulcerative lesion at the portal of entry of
spirochete • May not be found in females if internal – women may be
diagnosed with syphilis late • Males – chancre found on penis • Anus/fingers /
lips/tongue / nipples/tonsils / eyelids ➔ resolves spontaneously (3-3-6 weeks)
(b) Secondary phase (Spreads through blood and lymph systems • Low
grade fever, malaise, sore throat, HA, lymphadenopathy, unique rash)
(c) Latent phase (Asymptomatic • Contagious in early latent stage • May
last MANY years – 40 years)
(d) Tertiary Phase (Systemic symptomology • Aortitis/aortic necrosis ➔
aortic insufficiency • Neurosyphilis – paresis (dementia, paralysis), blindness,
mental deterioration)
Incubation period: Incubation 10-90 days
When is contagious? Contagious in early latent stage
When does it affect the nervous system? At Latent and Tertiary phase
5) How do we treat Syphilis? What is the medication used to treat Syphilis?
Penicillin.
6) What is Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID)? It is a complication of an
untreated sexual infection
7) The two most common causes of PID are Gonorrhea and Chlamydia.
Gt C- PID
, Neonates
Gtc Ophthalmia
-
_
Neonatorum in
8) What disorder do Gonorrhea and Chlamydia cause in Neonates?
Ophthalmia Neonatorum (serious conjunctivitis in neonates) treated with
Erythromycin eye drop/ointment at birth.
9) Who is at risk for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)? Adolescents, young
adults, and people with multiple partners are at risk for HPV
10) People with Human Papilloma Virus are at risk of getting Cervical and
Ovarian Cancer, but most commonly Ovarian Cancer.
HPV → Risk For Ovarian Cancer .
11) Epididymitis is a sexually transmitted disease. The most common way to
diagnose Epididymitis is by lifting up the testis and the pain goes away,
and urine culture to see the causative agent and then treat it accordingly.
Patients are usually febrile and have leukocytosis
12) What is Fournier Gangrene? It is the gangrene of the genital mostly
=
affecting men and the most common risk factor is Alcoholism and
Diabetes.
-
13) We do know the main cause of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) and in
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia as the name implies, cells are hyperplasic, and
it increase the risk of urinary retention which also increases the risk of
bladder infection and does not increase the risk for Prostate cancer.
14) What are the risk factors for Testicular Cancer? Those who have
cryptorchidism. It is an undescended testicles or failure of the testicle to
descend during birth, may take years before it descends, or it can be
done through surgery but manually descend the testis may take years.
Monthly testicular examination can help detect it.
15) Urethral Strictures, there is a narrow in the urethral and there are three
common causes:
(a) congenital – born having urethral strictures,
(b) iatrogenic meaning Trauma-the most common cause of urethral stricture
is the use of large urethral catheter
(c) reoccurring Gonorrhea may lead to scarring of the urethra which causes
urethral strictures
1) Bacteria that may cause Scaring in the Urethra, Fallopian Tube, and
Epididymis are caused by Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. They are the two
most common causes of scarring in the organs, and Gonorrhea can also
suppress the lymphatic system.
2) Gonorrhea is a Gram-Negative Bacteria.
3) Signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea infection are Dysuria, Purulent Vaginal
or Penile discharge. Why does this happen? Because of the inflammatory
-
-
response in the columnar epithelium.
4) What are the 4 stages of Syphilis?
(a) Primary phase (Chancre: ulcerative lesion at the portal of entry of
spirochete • May not be found in females if internal – women may be
diagnosed with syphilis late • Males – chancre found on penis • Anus/fingers /
lips/tongue / nipples/tonsils / eyelids ➔ resolves spontaneously (3-3-6 weeks)
(b) Secondary phase (Spreads through blood and lymph systems • Low
grade fever, malaise, sore throat, HA, lymphadenopathy, unique rash)
(c) Latent phase (Asymptomatic • Contagious in early latent stage • May
last MANY years – 40 years)
(d) Tertiary Phase (Systemic symptomology • Aortitis/aortic necrosis ➔
aortic insufficiency • Neurosyphilis – paresis (dementia, paralysis), blindness,
mental deterioration)
Incubation period: Incubation 10-90 days
When is contagious? Contagious in early latent stage
When does it affect the nervous system? At Latent and Tertiary phase
5) How do we treat Syphilis? What is the medication used to treat Syphilis?
Penicillin.
6) What is Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID)? It is a complication of an
untreated sexual infection
7) The two most common causes of PID are Gonorrhea and Chlamydia.
Gt C- PID
, Neonates
Gtc Ophthalmia
-
_
Neonatorum in
8) What disorder do Gonorrhea and Chlamydia cause in Neonates?
Ophthalmia Neonatorum (serious conjunctivitis in neonates) treated with
Erythromycin eye drop/ointment at birth.
9) Who is at risk for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)? Adolescents, young
adults, and people with multiple partners are at risk for HPV
10) People with Human Papilloma Virus are at risk of getting Cervical and
Ovarian Cancer, but most commonly Ovarian Cancer.
HPV → Risk For Ovarian Cancer .
11) Epididymitis is a sexually transmitted disease. The most common way to
diagnose Epididymitis is by lifting up the testis and the pain goes away,
and urine culture to see the causative agent and then treat it accordingly.
Patients are usually febrile and have leukocytosis
12) What is Fournier Gangrene? It is the gangrene of the genital mostly
=
affecting men and the most common risk factor is Alcoholism and
Diabetes.
-
13) We do know the main cause of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) and in
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia as the name implies, cells are hyperplasic, and
it increase the risk of urinary retention which also increases the risk of
bladder infection and does not increase the risk for Prostate cancer.
14) What are the risk factors for Testicular Cancer? Those who have
cryptorchidism. It is an undescended testicles or failure of the testicle to
descend during birth, may take years before it descends, or it can be
done through surgery but manually descend the testis may take years.
Monthly testicular examination can help detect it.
15) Urethral Strictures, there is a narrow in the urethral and there are three
common causes:
(a) congenital – born having urethral strictures,
(b) iatrogenic meaning Trauma-the most common cause of urethral stricture
is the use of large urethral catheter
(c) reoccurring Gonorrhea may lead to scarring of the urethra which causes
urethral strictures
