BIOD 101 Module 5 Exam 2025 - Portage learning
Which of the following signaling types is used to transmit ligands to their target cells over long
distances, using the circulatory system as a transport medium?
A. Autocrine signaling
B. Endocrine signaling
C. Direct cell-to-cell signaling
D. Paracrine signaling
E. Synaptic signaling
Explain why a steroid hormone would require a carrier protein to transport it through the
bloodstream.
Steroid hormones are hydrophobic. They would require a carrier protein to carry it
through the blood because it is considered hydrophilic.
Each of the following is true regarding cellular receptors except:
A. Receptors in each family are classified by their location in the body.
B. Most receptors are located on the outside of a cell, anchored in the plasma membrane.
C. Cell surface receptors contain an extracellular region, intracellular region, and a hydrophobic
region in the plasma membrane.
D. Intracellular receptors are located in the cell's cytoplasm.
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, Each of the following is true regarding cellular receptors except:
A. Receptors in each family are classified by structural and functional similarities.
B. Most receptors are located on the outside of a cell, anchored in the plasma membrane.
C. Cell surface receptors contain an extracellular region, intracellular region, and a hydrophobic
region in the plasma membrane.
D. Intracellular receptors are located in the plasma membrane.
List TWO specific examples of cellular ligands.
Hormones, peptides, sugars, and other hydrophobic molecules.
So calcium and female sex hormones would classify as ligands.
Explain the importance of Ligand-to-receptor specificity.
Ligand-to-receptor specificity helps to regulate responses in the target cell while not
impacting non-target cells that may be in the same location.
Fill in the Blank:
Transduction is the chain of ___________ and intracellular ___________ that relay signals
inside of a cell.
1. Molecules
2. Enzymes
When talking about the process of transduction, the term _________ is used to describe
molecules or processes that are occurring early in the relay chain, while the term _____________
refers to molecules or processes that are occurring later in the relay chain.
Upstream, downstream
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Which of the following signaling types is used to transmit ligands to their target cells over long
distances, using the circulatory system as a transport medium?
A. Autocrine signaling
B. Endocrine signaling
C. Direct cell-to-cell signaling
D. Paracrine signaling
E. Synaptic signaling
Explain why a steroid hormone would require a carrier protein to transport it through the
bloodstream.
Steroid hormones are hydrophobic. They would require a carrier protein to carry it
through the blood because it is considered hydrophilic.
Each of the following is true regarding cellular receptors except:
A. Receptors in each family are classified by their location in the body.
B. Most receptors are located on the outside of a cell, anchored in the plasma membrane.
C. Cell surface receptors contain an extracellular region, intracellular region, and a hydrophobic
region in the plasma membrane.
D. Intracellular receptors are located in the cell's cytoplasm.
1|Page
, Each of the following is true regarding cellular receptors except:
A. Receptors in each family are classified by structural and functional similarities.
B. Most receptors are located on the outside of a cell, anchored in the plasma membrane.
C. Cell surface receptors contain an extracellular region, intracellular region, and a hydrophobic
region in the plasma membrane.
D. Intracellular receptors are located in the plasma membrane.
List TWO specific examples of cellular ligands.
Hormones, peptides, sugars, and other hydrophobic molecules.
So calcium and female sex hormones would classify as ligands.
Explain the importance of Ligand-to-receptor specificity.
Ligand-to-receptor specificity helps to regulate responses in the target cell while not
impacting non-target cells that may be in the same location.
Fill in the Blank:
Transduction is the chain of ___________ and intracellular ___________ that relay signals
inside of a cell.
1. Molecules
2. Enzymes
When talking about the process of transduction, the term _________ is used to describe
molecules or processes that are occurring early in the relay chain, while the term _____________
refers to molecules or processes that are occurring later in the relay chain.
Upstream, downstream
2|Page
