BIOD 101 Module 4 Exam Qs & As 2025 - Portage learning
Compare and contrast purines and pyrimidines and provide examples of each.
Purines contain 2 carbon-nitrogen rings and 4 nitrogen atoms.
Pyrimidines contain 1 carbon-nitrogen ring and 2 nitrogen atoms.
Purines: Adenine, guanine Pyrimidines: Thymine, cytosine
Fill-in-the-Blank: A nitrogenous base plus a deoxyribose is called a ___________, and a base
plus deoxyribose plus a phosphate group is called a _____________.
Nucleoside, nucleotide.
Describe the structure and arrangement of DNA
DNA is a double helix, two helical strands. The two strands are held together by the
'rungs', which are made of complementary pairs. The pairs are held together by
weak hydrogen bonds. The strands are arranged in a complementary-type pattern
and antiparallel. In this antiparallel arrangement, the strands are oriented with one
strand being in the 5'’3' orientation and the other strand in the 3'’5' orientation.
What is a genome?
The entire sequence of paired DNA bases
__________ is a broad term that includes all of the body's cells except gametes.
A. Somatic cell
B. Sex cell
C. Genome
D. Diploid
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, What are the four phases of the cell cycle?
(1) Gap phase 1 (G1)
(2) DNA synthesis (S-phase)
(3) Gap phase 2 (G2)
(4) Mitotic phase (M-phase)
Match each of the following subphases of mitosis with the correct description.
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(1) Polarization of the centrosomes, (2) chromosome alignment along the equatorial line of
the cell, and (3) kinetochore attachment.
(2) (1) condensation of chromatin, (2) centrosome movement, (3) mitotic spindle formation,
and (4) dissolution of the nucleolus
(3) (1) reformation of nuclei, some organelles, and nucleoli; (2) decondensing of
chromosomes; (3) dissolution of the spindle microtubule; (4) mitotic phase completion;
and (5) cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)
(4) (1) continued chromatin condensation, (2) changes to the nuclear envelope, and (3)
reorganization and changes to the mitotic spindle apparatus.
(5) (1) Separation of the sister chromatids, (2) movement of the separated chromatids toward
the centrosome poles, and (3) elongation of the cell.
Prophase (1) condensation of chromatin, (2) centrosome movement, (3) mitotic spindle
formation, and (4) dissolution of the nucleolus
Prometaphase (1) continued chromatin condensation, (2) changes to the nuclear
envelope, and (3) reorganization and changes to the mitotic spindle apparatus.
Metaphase (1) polarization of the centrosomes, (2) chromosome alignment along the
equatorial line of the cell, and (3) kinetochore attachment.
Anaphase (1) separation of the sister chromatids, (2) movement of the separated
chromatids toward the centrosome poles, and (3) elongation of the cell.
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Compare and contrast purines and pyrimidines and provide examples of each.
Purines contain 2 carbon-nitrogen rings and 4 nitrogen atoms.
Pyrimidines contain 1 carbon-nitrogen ring and 2 nitrogen atoms.
Purines: Adenine, guanine Pyrimidines: Thymine, cytosine
Fill-in-the-Blank: A nitrogenous base plus a deoxyribose is called a ___________, and a base
plus deoxyribose plus a phosphate group is called a _____________.
Nucleoside, nucleotide.
Describe the structure and arrangement of DNA
DNA is a double helix, two helical strands. The two strands are held together by the
'rungs', which are made of complementary pairs. The pairs are held together by
weak hydrogen bonds. The strands are arranged in a complementary-type pattern
and antiparallel. In this antiparallel arrangement, the strands are oriented with one
strand being in the 5'’3' orientation and the other strand in the 3'’5' orientation.
What is a genome?
The entire sequence of paired DNA bases
__________ is a broad term that includes all of the body's cells except gametes.
A. Somatic cell
B. Sex cell
C. Genome
D. Diploid
1|Page
, What are the four phases of the cell cycle?
(1) Gap phase 1 (G1)
(2) DNA synthesis (S-phase)
(3) Gap phase 2 (G2)
(4) Mitotic phase (M-phase)
Match each of the following subphases of mitosis with the correct description.
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(1) Polarization of the centrosomes, (2) chromosome alignment along the equatorial line of
the cell, and (3) kinetochore attachment.
(2) (1) condensation of chromatin, (2) centrosome movement, (3) mitotic spindle formation,
and (4) dissolution of the nucleolus
(3) (1) reformation of nuclei, some organelles, and nucleoli; (2) decondensing of
chromosomes; (3) dissolution of the spindle microtubule; (4) mitotic phase completion;
and (5) cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)
(4) (1) continued chromatin condensation, (2) changes to the nuclear envelope, and (3)
reorganization and changes to the mitotic spindle apparatus.
(5) (1) Separation of the sister chromatids, (2) movement of the separated chromatids toward
the centrosome poles, and (3) elongation of the cell.
Prophase (1) condensation of chromatin, (2) centrosome movement, (3) mitotic spindle
formation, and (4) dissolution of the nucleolus
Prometaphase (1) continued chromatin condensation, (2) changes to the nuclear
envelope, and (3) reorganization and changes to the mitotic spindle apparatus.
Metaphase (1) polarization of the centrosomes, (2) chromosome alignment along the
equatorial line of the cell, and (3) kinetochore attachment.
Anaphase (1) separation of the sister chromatids, (2) movement of the separated
chromatids toward the centrosome poles, and (3) elongation of the cell.
2|Page
