MN 551 EVALUATION EXAMS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones - ✔✔She may have
been born with infantile cataracts
✔✔Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of
glucose metabolism?
Question 3 options:
a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by
the kidneys.
c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood
until it is taken up to meet cellular needs.
d. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of
food intake. - ✔✔Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the
liver.
✔✔A 60-year-old man has presented to his nurse practitioner because of an earache
that has become progressively more painful in recent days. After giving his history and
having an examination with an otoscope, the man has been diagnosed with otitis
externa. Which of the nurse practitioner's following statements to the man is most
accurate?
Question 4 options:
a. "This likely happened because your ears aren't draining like they should, but
antibiotics that you'll put in your ears will resolve this."
b. "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use
ear swabs."
c. "I'm going to instill some warm water into your ear to flush out debris and bacteria."
,d. "You'll need to avoid getting any water in your ear until you finish your course of
antibiotic pills." - ✔✔"I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's
important not to use ear swabs."
✔✔A 4-year-old boy has had otitis media with effusion (OME) for several weeks and his
condition has recently progressed to acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following
factors could have contributed to his AOM?
Question 5 options:
Exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Sensorineural deficits in the auditory control apparatus
Accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus
A deficiency in immunoglobulin G
Reflux of fluid from the boy's nose into his middle ear - ✔✔Reflux of fluid from the boy's
nose into his middle ear
✔✔During descent, an airplane passenger is complaining that his "ears are plugged."
What aspect of the structure and function of the ear best accounts for the passenger's
complaint?
Question 6 options:
Air must be able to flow between the middle ear and the nasopharynx in order to
accommodate pressure changes.
The tympanic membrane is selectively permeable in order to accommodate pressure
changes and this capacity is often impaired during upper respiratory infections.
The eustachian tubes must remain patent to equalize pressure between the middle ear
and inner ear.
The inner ear adjusts its volume in response to atmospheric pressure, increasing during
low pressure and decreasing in high pressure. - ✔✔Air must be able to flow between
the middle ear and the nasopharynx in order to accommodate pressure changes.
✔✔Following the identification of low levels of T3 and T4 coupled with the presence of a
goiter, a 28-year-old female has been diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis. In light of
this diagnosis, which of the following assessment results would constitute an
unexpected finding?
Question 7 options:
Increased white cell count and audible crackles on chest auscultation
,Coarse, dry skin and hair with decreased sweat production
Recent weight gain despite a loss of appetite and chronic fatigue
The presence of myxedema in the woman's face and extremities - ✔✔Increased white
cell count and audible crackles on chest auscultation
✔✔A patient with a new diagnosis of an endocrine disorder is unclear about how the
body can control the levels of different hormones over time. Which of the following
statements most accurately underlies the dominant regulation process of hormone
levels in the body?
Question 8 options:
The pituitary gland is genetically programmed to stimulate and inhibit hormone
production and/or release based on needs at different points in the life cycle.
The hypothalamus ensures that hormone levels correspond accurately to the diurnal
cycle.
With input from various sensors, hormone production and release are adjusted based
on existing hormone levels.
A positive feedback cycle ensures that stable levels of hormones exist in the body over
time. - ✔✔With input from various sensors, hormone production and release are
adjusted based on existing hormone levels.
✔✔A care aide at a long-term care facility has informed a resident's nurse practitioner
that the 80-year-old woman's eyes appear to be inflamed and her eyelids are caked with
sticky secretions. The woman subsequently has been diagnosed with posterior
blepharitis. Which of the following treatments is the nurse practitioner likely to initiate?
Question 9 options:
Intravenous steroids coupled with topical antibiotic ointment
Regularly scheduled cleansing of the woman's eyes with normal saline
Warm compresses to be applied regularly to her eyes in addition to oral antibiotics
Surgical repair of the woman's blocked meibomian glands - ✔✔Warm compresses to be
applied regularly to her eyes in addition to oral antibiotics
✔✔A 28-year-old male who is 6 feet 11 inches tall has a diagnosis of acromegaly. The
man is explaining to a curious but sympathetic coworker exactly what accounts for his
extraordinary height. Which of the following explanations demonstrates a sound
understanding of his health problem?
, Question 10 options:
"A tumor in my brain threw off my hormone levels after I was finished with
adolescence."
"My pituitary gland produced a much higher than normal amount of growth hormone
when I was a child."
T"The high sugar levels that go along with my diabetes made my pituitary gland
overproduce the hormones that cause you to grow."
"My liver is malfunctioning and produces too many of the hormones that ultimately
cause growth." - ✔✔"A tumor in my brain threw off my hormone levels after I was
finished with adolescence."
✔✔Following a long history of fatigue, weakness, and poor appetite, a 39-year-old male
has been diagnosed with hypopituitarism. Which of the following clinical findings would
most likely cause his care team to suspect that the man has an additional endocrine
disorder from a different source?
Question options:
The man displays the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
The patient is 5 feet 2 inches tall and was consistently short for his age as a child.
The man has a chronic platelet deficiency and is occasionally anemic.
The man has a low sperm count and has been unable to have children. - ✔✔The man
has a chronic platelet deficiency and is occasionally anemic.
✔✔A 51-year-old woman has been experiencing signs and symptoms of
perimenopause and has sought help from her nurse practitioner. Doctors have
confirmed a deficiency in estrogen levels as a contributing factor. Which of the following
phenomena could potentially underlie the woman's health problem?
Question options:
A lack of prohormone precursors needed for estrogen synthesis and release
Insufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the relevant
cells
Inadequate synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of her ovarian cells
Sufficient synthesis of estrogen but inadequate vesicle-mediated release -
✔✔Insufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the
relevant cells
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones - ✔✔She may have
been born with infantile cataracts
✔✔Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of
glucose metabolism?
Question 3 options:
a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by
the kidneys.
c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood
until it is taken up to meet cellular needs.
d. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of
food intake. - ✔✔Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the
liver.
✔✔A 60-year-old man has presented to his nurse practitioner because of an earache
that has become progressively more painful in recent days. After giving his history and
having an examination with an otoscope, the man has been diagnosed with otitis
externa. Which of the nurse practitioner's following statements to the man is most
accurate?
Question 4 options:
a. "This likely happened because your ears aren't draining like they should, but
antibiotics that you'll put in your ears will resolve this."
b. "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use
ear swabs."
c. "I'm going to instill some warm water into your ear to flush out debris and bacteria."
,d. "You'll need to avoid getting any water in your ear until you finish your course of
antibiotic pills." - ✔✔"I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's
important not to use ear swabs."
✔✔A 4-year-old boy has had otitis media with effusion (OME) for several weeks and his
condition has recently progressed to acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following
factors could have contributed to his AOM?
Question 5 options:
Exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Sensorineural deficits in the auditory control apparatus
Accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus
A deficiency in immunoglobulin G
Reflux of fluid from the boy's nose into his middle ear - ✔✔Reflux of fluid from the boy's
nose into his middle ear
✔✔During descent, an airplane passenger is complaining that his "ears are plugged."
What aspect of the structure and function of the ear best accounts for the passenger's
complaint?
Question 6 options:
Air must be able to flow between the middle ear and the nasopharynx in order to
accommodate pressure changes.
The tympanic membrane is selectively permeable in order to accommodate pressure
changes and this capacity is often impaired during upper respiratory infections.
The eustachian tubes must remain patent to equalize pressure between the middle ear
and inner ear.
The inner ear adjusts its volume in response to atmospheric pressure, increasing during
low pressure and decreasing in high pressure. - ✔✔Air must be able to flow between
the middle ear and the nasopharynx in order to accommodate pressure changes.
✔✔Following the identification of low levels of T3 and T4 coupled with the presence of a
goiter, a 28-year-old female has been diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis. In light of
this diagnosis, which of the following assessment results would constitute an
unexpected finding?
Question 7 options:
Increased white cell count and audible crackles on chest auscultation
,Coarse, dry skin and hair with decreased sweat production
Recent weight gain despite a loss of appetite and chronic fatigue
The presence of myxedema in the woman's face and extremities - ✔✔Increased white
cell count and audible crackles on chest auscultation
✔✔A patient with a new diagnosis of an endocrine disorder is unclear about how the
body can control the levels of different hormones over time. Which of the following
statements most accurately underlies the dominant regulation process of hormone
levels in the body?
Question 8 options:
The pituitary gland is genetically programmed to stimulate and inhibit hormone
production and/or release based on needs at different points in the life cycle.
The hypothalamus ensures that hormone levels correspond accurately to the diurnal
cycle.
With input from various sensors, hormone production and release are adjusted based
on existing hormone levels.
A positive feedback cycle ensures that stable levels of hormones exist in the body over
time. - ✔✔With input from various sensors, hormone production and release are
adjusted based on existing hormone levels.
✔✔A care aide at a long-term care facility has informed a resident's nurse practitioner
that the 80-year-old woman's eyes appear to be inflamed and her eyelids are caked with
sticky secretions. The woman subsequently has been diagnosed with posterior
blepharitis. Which of the following treatments is the nurse practitioner likely to initiate?
Question 9 options:
Intravenous steroids coupled with topical antibiotic ointment
Regularly scheduled cleansing of the woman's eyes with normal saline
Warm compresses to be applied regularly to her eyes in addition to oral antibiotics
Surgical repair of the woman's blocked meibomian glands - ✔✔Warm compresses to be
applied regularly to her eyes in addition to oral antibiotics
✔✔A 28-year-old male who is 6 feet 11 inches tall has a diagnosis of acromegaly. The
man is explaining to a curious but sympathetic coworker exactly what accounts for his
extraordinary height. Which of the following explanations demonstrates a sound
understanding of his health problem?
, Question 10 options:
"A tumor in my brain threw off my hormone levels after I was finished with
adolescence."
"My pituitary gland produced a much higher than normal amount of growth hormone
when I was a child."
T"The high sugar levels that go along with my diabetes made my pituitary gland
overproduce the hormones that cause you to grow."
"My liver is malfunctioning and produces too many of the hormones that ultimately
cause growth." - ✔✔"A tumor in my brain threw off my hormone levels after I was
finished with adolescence."
✔✔Following a long history of fatigue, weakness, and poor appetite, a 39-year-old male
has been diagnosed with hypopituitarism. Which of the following clinical findings would
most likely cause his care team to suspect that the man has an additional endocrine
disorder from a different source?
Question options:
The man displays the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
The patient is 5 feet 2 inches tall and was consistently short for his age as a child.
The man has a chronic platelet deficiency and is occasionally anemic.
The man has a low sperm count and has been unable to have children. - ✔✔The man
has a chronic platelet deficiency and is occasionally anemic.
✔✔A 51-year-old woman has been experiencing signs and symptoms of
perimenopause and has sought help from her nurse practitioner. Doctors have
confirmed a deficiency in estrogen levels as a contributing factor. Which of the following
phenomena could potentially underlie the woman's health problem?
Question options:
A lack of prohormone precursors needed for estrogen synthesis and release
Insufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the relevant
cells
Inadequate synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of her ovarian cells
Sufficient synthesis of estrogen but inadequate vesicle-mediated release -
✔✔Insufficient estrogen production within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the
relevant cells
