FNP550 – Midterm questions with 100%
complete solutions
Based on the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas article, what is professional socialization, or
"professionalization"? - correct answer ✔✔- the process by which people selectively acquire the
values and attitudes, the interests, skills and knowledge--in short, the culture-- current in groups
of which they are, or seek to become, a member
or
- "a complex and interactive process by which the content of the professional role
(skills, knowledge, behaviour) is learned and the values, attitudes,
and goals integral to the profession and sense of occupational
identity which are characteristic of a member of that profession
are internalized"
List the 3 stages of Professional socialization (professionalization) from the MacLellan, Lordly, &
Gringas study. - correct answer ✔✔Phase 1: Presocialization
Phase 2: Formal socialization
Phase 3: Post-socializaiton
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas study, list and describe the 1st stage of professional
socialization: Presocialization
- give an example - correct answer ✔✔Phase 1: presocialization:
,- an individual's preconceived notions and expectations of the profession and subsequent
socialization into the profession.
- E.g., a desire to care for others and help people, seeing professionals in action and in the
media etc.
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas study, list and describe the 2nd stage of professional
socialization: Formal Socialization
- list its 6 stages process from "lay person" to "professional"
- list the 3 stages nurses pass through during training - correct answer ✔✔Phase 2: Formal
socialization:
- 6-stage process from "lay person" to "professional":
1. initial innocence;
2. labelled recognition of incongruity
3. "psyching out"
4. role simulation
5. provisional internalization
6. stable internalization
- 3 stages nurses pass through during their training:
1. development of task proficiency
2. attachment to significant others in the workplace
3. internalization of values of professional group and adoption of prescribed behaviours
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas study, list and describe the 3rd stage of professional
socialization: Post-socialization
- list its 3 stages - correct answer ✔✔Phase 3: Post-socializaiton:
- socialization continues after students graduate; its a career-long process
- consists of 3 stages:
,1. assuming adequacy
2. realizing practice
3. developing a reputation
*process is iterative- professionals re-experience stages that continuously re-shape their
professional identity
How does DeVault describe formal education? - correct answer ✔✔formal education is a site
where students are educated and socialized into established paradigms, gain competencies
associated with the field, and start to develop an identity as practitioners of a profession with its
own traditions
T/F: There is abundant research on the professional socialization of nurses, physicians, and
dietitians - correct answer ✔✔F: Only on nurses and physicians
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas article about nurses, which 2 participants are most
important in the socialization process? - correct answer ✔✔*1. Nurse preceptors*:
- they have a powerful influence on student's feelings of being a respectful professional and are
important in creating a positive transition experience
*2. Friendships and peer learning*: provide support, help cope with demands of clinical
practice, learning of subtle, unwritten rules of profession
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas article, what challenges do nurses encounter during their
professionalization? - correct answer ✔✔- conflicting/ diverse values about "being a good
nurse"
- experience feels chaotic, unsupported and painful
- underrate the value of their work and blame problems on themselves- affecting their delivery
of care and career satisfaction
- "gender socialization": women being self-sacrificing, submissive, and dedicated, embedded in
nursing culture
, - adopting cynical attitudes/ desensitization to cope with pressures
- tendency to minimize their roles contributing to invisibility and continued strive for
professional recognition in the field
State the Purpose of the Lordly & MacLellan study on 'Dietetic students' identity and
professional socialization' and the 3 questions it is designed to answer. - correct answer
✔✔Purpose: identify processes of identity development and professional socialization among
undergraduate dietetic students during their education.
3 Questions:
1. What are dietetic students' life experiences, and what meaning do they ascribe to those
experiences in the context of entering dietetic practice
2. How does dietetic education contribute to dietetic identity development and professional
socialization?
3. What do dietetic students' descriptions of their socialization process suggest can be done to
improve recruitment, curricula, and career resilience/retention?
In Lordly & MacLellan's study, what approach was used to conduct the 3 interviews with each
participant and why? - correct answer ✔✔Seidman's phenomenological approach to inquiry
was used because it permits researchers to discover participants' everyday lived experience,
while delving into and dwelling upon the complexities of their stories. It is based on the
assumption that a person experiences and interprets reality in a way that is unique to her or his
being, and that this can be explored through extensive dialogue.
Where was Lordly & MacLellan's study conducted and who were the participants? - correct
answer ✔✔Research conducted at 2 Canadian universities; University of Prince Edward Island
and Mount Saint Vincent University. Each offers an integrated dietetic internship program. 13
female undergraduate students participated in the study.
In the Lordly & MacLellan study, why was a feminist perspective used? - correct answer
✔✔Because dietetics education is highly gendered: most students are female and this has social
implications for identity development and professional socialization
complete solutions
Based on the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas article, what is professional socialization, or
"professionalization"? - correct answer ✔✔- the process by which people selectively acquire the
values and attitudes, the interests, skills and knowledge--in short, the culture-- current in groups
of which they are, or seek to become, a member
or
- "a complex and interactive process by which the content of the professional role
(skills, knowledge, behaviour) is learned and the values, attitudes,
and goals integral to the profession and sense of occupational
identity which are characteristic of a member of that profession
are internalized"
List the 3 stages of Professional socialization (professionalization) from the MacLellan, Lordly, &
Gringas study. - correct answer ✔✔Phase 1: Presocialization
Phase 2: Formal socialization
Phase 3: Post-socializaiton
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas study, list and describe the 1st stage of professional
socialization: Presocialization
- give an example - correct answer ✔✔Phase 1: presocialization:
,- an individual's preconceived notions and expectations of the profession and subsequent
socialization into the profession.
- E.g., a desire to care for others and help people, seeing professionals in action and in the
media etc.
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas study, list and describe the 2nd stage of professional
socialization: Formal Socialization
- list its 6 stages process from "lay person" to "professional"
- list the 3 stages nurses pass through during training - correct answer ✔✔Phase 2: Formal
socialization:
- 6-stage process from "lay person" to "professional":
1. initial innocence;
2. labelled recognition of incongruity
3. "psyching out"
4. role simulation
5. provisional internalization
6. stable internalization
- 3 stages nurses pass through during their training:
1. development of task proficiency
2. attachment to significant others in the workplace
3. internalization of values of professional group and adoption of prescribed behaviours
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas study, list and describe the 3rd stage of professional
socialization: Post-socialization
- list its 3 stages - correct answer ✔✔Phase 3: Post-socializaiton:
- socialization continues after students graduate; its a career-long process
- consists of 3 stages:
,1. assuming adequacy
2. realizing practice
3. developing a reputation
*process is iterative- professionals re-experience stages that continuously re-shape their
professional identity
How does DeVault describe formal education? - correct answer ✔✔formal education is a site
where students are educated and socialized into established paradigms, gain competencies
associated with the field, and start to develop an identity as practitioners of a profession with its
own traditions
T/F: There is abundant research on the professional socialization of nurses, physicians, and
dietitians - correct answer ✔✔F: Only on nurses and physicians
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas article about nurses, which 2 participants are most
important in the socialization process? - correct answer ✔✔*1. Nurse preceptors*:
- they have a powerful influence on student's feelings of being a respectful professional and are
important in creating a positive transition experience
*2. Friendships and peer learning*: provide support, help cope with demands of clinical
practice, learning of subtle, unwritten rules of profession
From the MacLellan, Lordly, & Gringas article, what challenges do nurses encounter during their
professionalization? - correct answer ✔✔- conflicting/ diverse values about "being a good
nurse"
- experience feels chaotic, unsupported and painful
- underrate the value of their work and blame problems on themselves- affecting their delivery
of care and career satisfaction
- "gender socialization": women being self-sacrificing, submissive, and dedicated, embedded in
nursing culture
, - adopting cynical attitudes/ desensitization to cope with pressures
- tendency to minimize their roles contributing to invisibility and continued strive for
professional recognition in the field
State the Purpose of the Lordly & MacLellan study on 'Dietetic students' identity and
professional socialization' and the 3 questions it is designed to answer. - correct answer
✔✔Purpose: identify processes of identity development and professional socialization among
undergraduate dietetic students during their education.
3 Questions:
1. What are dietetic students' life experiences, and what meaning do they ascribe to those
experiences in the context of entering dietetic practice
2. How does dietetic education contribute to dietetic identity development and professional
socialization?
3. What do dietetic students' descriptions of their socialization process suggest can be done to
improve recruitment, curricula, and career resilience/retention?
In Lordly & MacLellan's study, what approach was used to conduct the 3 interviews with each
participant and why? - correct answer ✔✔Seidman's phenomenological approach to inquiry
was used because it permits researchers to discover participants' everyday lived experience,
while delving into and dwelling upon the complexities of their stories. It is based on the
assumption that a person experiences and interprets reality in a way that is unique to her or his
being, and that this can be explored through extensive dialogue.
Where was Lordly & MacLellan's study conducted and who were the participants? - correct
answer ✔✔Research conducted at 2 Canadian universities; University of Prince Edward Island
and Mount Saint Vincent University. Each offers an integrated dietetic internship program. 13
female undergraduate students participated in the study.
In the Lordly & MacLellan study, why was a feminist perspective used? - correct answer
✔✔Because dietetics education is highly gendered: most students are female and this has social
implications for identity development and professional socialization
