AP STATISTICS REVIEW WITH ALL CORRECT
& VERIFIED ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
Addition Rule Correct answer-P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(A) - P(A ∩ B) aids in computing the chances of
one of several events occurring at a given time.
Alpha (α) Correct answer-The probability of a Type I error. See significance level.
Alternative Hypothesis Correct answer-The hypothesis stating what the researcher is seeking
evidence of. A statement of inequality. It can be written looking for the difference or change in one
direction from the null hypothesis or both.
Association Correct answer-Relationship between or among variables.
Back-Transform Correct answer-The process by which values are substituted into a model of
transformed data, and then reversing the transforming process to obtain the predicted value or
model for nontransformed data.
Bar Chart Correct answer-A graphical display used with categorical data, where frequencies for
each category are shown in vertical bars.
Bell-Shaped Correct answer-Often used to describe the normal distribution. See mound-shaped.
Beta (β) Correct answer-The probability of a Type II error. See power.
Bias Correct answer-The term for systematic deviation from the truth (parameter), caused by
systematically favoring some outcomes over others.
Biased Correct answer-A sampling method is biased if it tends to produce samples that do not
represent the population.
Bimodal Correct answer-A distribution with two clear peaks.
Binomial Distribution Correct answer-The probability distribution of a binomial random variable.
Binomial Random Variable Correct answer-A random variable x (a) that has a fixed number of trials
of a random phenomenon n, (b) that has only two possible outcomes on each trial, (c) for which the
probability of a success is constant for each trial, and (d) for which each trial is independent of other
trials.
Bins Correct answer-The intervals that define the "bars" of a histrogram.
Bivariate Data Correct answer-Consists of two variables, an explanatory and a response variable,
usually quantitative.
Blinding Correct answer-Practice of denying knowledge to subjects about which treatment is
imposed upon them.
Blocks Correct answer-Subgroups of the experimental units that are separated by some
characteristic before treatments are assigned because they may respond differently to the
treatments.
, Box-And-Whisker Plot/Boxplot Correct answer-A graphical display of the five-number summary of
a set of data, which also shows outliers.
Categorical Variable Correct answer-A variable recorded as labels, names, or other non-numerical
outcomes.
Census Correct answer-A study that observes, or attempts to observe, every individual in a
population.
Central Limit Theorem Correct answer-As the size n of a simple random sample increases, the
shape of the sampling distribution of x̄ tends toward being normally distributed.
Chance Device Correct answer-A mechanism used to determine random outcomes.
Cluster Sample Correct answer-A sample in which a simple random sample of heterogeneous
subgroups of a population is selected.
Clusters Correct answer-Heterogeneous subgroups of a population.
Coefficient of Determination (r²) Correct answer-Percent of variation in the response variable
explained by its linear relationship with the explanatory variable.
Complement Correct answer-The compliment of an event is that event not occurring.
Complementary Randomized Design Correct answer-One in which all experimental units are
assigned treatments solely by chance.
Conditional Distribution Correct answer-See conditional frequencies.
Conditional Frequencies Correct answer-Relative frequencies for each cell in a two-way table
relative to one variable.
Conditional Probability Correct answer-The probability of an event occurring given that another
has occurred. The probability of A given that B has occurred is denoted as P(A|B).
Confidence Intervals Correct answer-Give an estimated range that is likely to contain an unknown
population parameter.
Confidence Level Correct answer-The level of certainty that a population parameter exists in the
calculated confidence interval.
Confounding Correct answer-The situation where the effects of two or more explanatory variables
on the response variable cannot be separated.
Confounding Variable Correct answer-A variable whose effect on the response variable cannot be
untangled from the effects of the treatment.
Contingency Table Correct answer-See two-way table.
& VERIFIED ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
Addition Rule Correct answer-P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(A) - P(A ∩ B) aids in computing the chances of
one of several events occurring at a given time.
Alpha (α) Correct answer-The probability of a Type I error. See significance level.
Alternative Hypothesis Correct answer-The hypothesis stating what the researcher is seeking
evidence of. A statement of inequality. It can be written looking for the difference or change in one
direction from the null hypothesis or both.
Association Correct answer-Relationship between or among variables.
Back-Transform Correct answer-The process by which values are substituted into a model of
transformed data, and then reversing the transforming process to obtain the predicted value or
model for nontransformed data.
Bar Chart Correct answer-A graphical display used with categorical data, where frequencies for
each category are shown in vertical bars.
Bell-Shaped Correct answer-Often used to describe the normal distribution. See mound-shaped.
Beta (β) Correct answer-The probability of a Type II error. See power.
Bias Correct answer-The term for systematic deviation from the truth (parameter), caused by
systematically favoring some outcomes over others.
Biased Correct answer-A sampling method is biased if it tends to produce samples that do not
represent the population.
Bimodal Correct answer-A distribution with two clear peaks.
Binomial Distribution Correct answer-The probability distribution of a binomial random variable.
Binomial Random Variable Correct answer-A random variable x (a) that has a fixed number of trials
of a random phenomenon n, (b) that has only two possible outcomes on each trial, (c) for which the
probability of a success is constant for each trial, and (d) for which each trial is independent of other
trials.
Bins Correct answer-The intervals that define the "bars" of a histrogram.
Bivariate Data Correct answer-Consists of two variables, an explanatory and a response variable,
usually quantitative.
Blinding Correct answer-Practice of denying knowledge to subjects about which treatment is
imposed upon them.
Blocks Correct answer-Subgroups of the experimental units that are separated by some
characteristic before treatments are assigned because they may respond differently to the
treatments.
, Box-And-Whisker Plot/Boxplot Correct answer-A graphical display of the five-number summary of
a set of data, which also shows outliers.
Categorical Variable Correct answer-A variable recorded as labels, names, or other non-numerical
outcomes.
Census Correct answer-A study that observes, or attempts to observe, every individual in a
population.
Central Limit Theorem Correct answer-As the size n of a simple random sample increases, the
shape of the sampling distribution of x̄ tends toward being normally distributed.
Chance Device Correct answer-A mechanism used to determine random outcomes.
Cluster Sample Correct answer-A sample in which a simple random sample of heterogeneous
subgroups of a population is selected.
Clusters Correct answer-Heterogeneous subgroups of a population.
Coefficient of Determination (r²) Correct answer-Percent of variation in the response variable
explained by its linear relationship with the explanatory variable.
Complement Correct answer-The compliment of an event is that event not occurring.
Complementary Randomized Design Correct answer-One in which all experimental units are
assigned treatments solely by chance.
Conditional Distribution Correct answer-See conditional frequencies.
Conditional Frequencies Correct answer-Relative frequencies for each cell in a two-way table
relative to one variable.
Conditional Probability Correct answer-The probability of an event occurring given that another
has occurred. The probability of A given that B has occurred is denoted as P(A|B).
Confidence Intervals Correct answer-Give an estimated range that is likely to contain an unknown
population parameter.
Confidence Level Correct answer-The level of certainty that a population parameter exists in the
calculated confidence interval.
Confounding Correct answer-The situation where the effects of two or more explanatory variables
on the response variable cannot be separated.
Confounding Variable Correct answer-A variable whose effect on the response variable cannot be
untangled from the effects of the treatment.
Contingency Table Correct answer-See two-way table.
