Enzymes Class Notes

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‭Enzymes‬
‭●‬ ‭Binding‬‭proteins‬‭that‬‭act‬‭as‬‭organic‬‭catalysts‬‭(anything‬‭that‬‭makes‬‭a‬‭reaction)‬
‭○‬ ‭Speed‬‭up‬‭slow‬‭organic‬‭chemical‬‭reactions‬
‭○‬ ‭Take‬‭“baby‬‭steps”‬‭(Tinkerbell‬‭-‬‭they‬‭tinker)‬
‭○‬ ‭Like‬‭an‬‭assembly‬‭line‬
‭○‬ ‭They‬‭are‬‭recycled‬‭in‬‭the‬‭reaction‬‭→‬‭machine‬‭of‬‭the‬‭body‬
‭○‬ ‭Very‬‭specific‬‭→‬‭Every‬‭molecule‬‭has‬‭a‬‭specific‬‭enzyme‬‭to‬‭break‬‭it‬‭down‬
‭●‬ ‭Metabolism‬‭is‬‭the‬‭sum‬‭of‬‭all‬‭chemical‬‭reactions‬‭in‬‭the‬‭body‬
‭○‬ ‭Controlled‬‭by‬‭enzymes‬
‭○‬ ‭Substance‬‭A‬‭→‬‭Substance‬‭B‬‭→‬‭Substance‬‭C‬‭→‬‭Substance‬‭D‬
‭○‬ ‭Isomerase‬‭-‬‭changing‬‭glucose‬‭to‬‭its‬‭isomer:‬‭fructose‬
‭○‬ ‭Anabolism‬‭is‬‭building‬‭(dehydration‬‭synthesis)‬
‭■‬ ‭Anabolic‬‭steroids‬‭→‬‭Build‬‭proteins,‬‭bodybuilders‬‭use‬‭this‬
‭○‬ ‭Catabolism‬‭is‬‭tearing‬‭down‬‭(hydrolysis)‬
‭●‬ ‭Enzymes‬‭(suffix‬‭-ase)‬
‭○‬ ‭Sucrose‬‭is‬‭broken‬‭by‬‭sucrase‬
‭○‬ ‭Maltase‬‭breaks‬‭down‬‭maltose‬
‭○‬ ‭Dehydrogenase‬‭is‬‭when‬‭hydrogen‬‭is‬‭broken‬
‭○‬ ‭Kinase‬‭→‬‭ATP‬‭is‬‭involved‬
‭○‬ ‭The‬‭active‬‭site‬‭is‬‭the‬‭part‬‭of‬‭an‬‭enzyme‬‭that‬‭binds‬‭to‬‭a‬‭substrate‬
‭●‬ ‭Substrate‬‭is‬‭the‬‭molecule‬‭an‬‭enzyme‬‭binds‬‭to‬‭or‬‭acts‬‭upon‬
‭●‬ ‭Enzymes‬‭lower‬‭the‬‭activation‬‭energy‬




●‭ ‬ ‭ ctive‬‭site‬‭-‬ ‭part‬‭of‬‭the‬‭enzyme‬‭that‬‭binds‬‭to‬‭the‬‭substrate‬
A
‭●‬ ‭Substrate‬‭-‬‭molecule‬‭an‬‭enzyme‬‭binds‬‭to‬‭or‬‭is‬‭acting‬‭upon‬
‭○‬ ‭Enzymes‬‭and‬‭substrates‬‭fit‬‭together,‬‭not‬‭perfectly‬‭but‬‭it‬‭is‬‭pretty‬‭close‬

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‭Hydrolysis‬




‭Dehydration‬‭Synthesis‬




●‭ ‬ ‭ he‬‭substrate‬‭goes‬‭into‬‭the‬‭enzyme‬‭and‬‭creates‬‭a‬‭product‬
T
‭●‬ ‭The‬‭substrate‬‭has‬‭to‬‭interact‬‭with‬‭the‬‭enzyme‬‭before‬‭the‬‭product‬‭can‬‭be‬‭made‬
‭●‬ ‭Induced‬‭fit‬‭-‬‭enzymes‬‭will‬‭change‬‭their‬‭shape‬‭slightly‬‭to‬‭accommodate‬‭the‬‭substrate‬
‭●‬ ‭Not‬‭a‬‭linear‬‭sequence‬‭→‬‭all‬‭by‬‭coincidence‬
‭●‬ ‭Factors‬‭affecting‬‭the‬‭rate‬‭of‬‭enzymatic‬‭reactions‬
‭○‬ ‭pH‬‭→‬‭doesn’t‬‭increase‬‭the‬‭enzymes‬‭but‬‭acids‬‭can‬‭change‬‭the‬‭shape‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭protein;‬‭the‬‭enzymes‬‭are‬‭created‬‭denatured,‬‭and‬‭acids‬‭open‬‭it‬‭up‬