A&P 2 LECTURE Exam 1 Study Guide with complete solutions
What are the functions of hormones? - ✔✔To regulate body functions and chemical reactions
occurring in the body.
What are up-regulation and down-regulation, and what causes them? - ✔✔Down- a process,
which occurs when there is a decrease in cells specific metabolic components in response to
specific stimuli.
Up- A process, which occurs when there is an increase in a cells specific metabolic components
in response to a specific stimuli.
What family of lipid-soluble hormones is derived from cholesterol? - ✔✔Steroid Hormones
With respect to solubility, which class of hormones requires second messengers? - ✔✔Water-
Soluble hormones
What do "synergistic effect" and "antagonistic effect" mean with respect to hormones? - ✔✔
Synergistic Effect- When the effect of two hormones acting together is greater and more
extensive than the effect of each hormone acting alone.
Antagonist Effect- When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone.
What controls hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland? - ✔✔Hypothalamus
, Which hormone stimulates milk production? - ✔✔Prolactin
What effect does luteinizing hormone have on the gonads? - ✔✔In females-stimulates the
secretion of estrogens and progesterone and the maturation of oocytes in the ovaries. In males-
stimulate sperm production and secretion of testosterone in the testes.
Gonads - ✔✔An organ that produces gametes, testes or ovaries.
How is the amount of ADH secreted related to blood osmotic pressure? - ✔✔Acts to retain
body water and increase blood pressure.
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? What ion is regulated? - ✔✔-
Calcitonin Ca2+ (Calcium)
-Calcium, magnesium, phosphate
How are insulin and glucagon related to the regulation of glucose and where are they produced? -
✔✔Glucagon- Increases blood glucose when it falls below normal.
Insulin- Lowers blood glucose level when it is too high.
What is the effect of thyroid hormone on metabolic rate? - ✔✔Thyroid hormones increase basal
metabolic rate (BMR) by stimulating the use of cellular oxygen to produce ATP. When the BMR
increases, cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein increases.
What are the functions of hormones? - ✔✔To regulate body functions and chemical reactions
occurring in the body.
What are up-regulation and down-regulation, and what causes them? - ✔✔Down- a process,
which occurs when there is a decrease in cells specific metabolic components in response to
specific stimuli.
Up- A process, which occurs when there is an increase in a cells specific metabolic components
in response to a specific stimuli.
What family of lipid-soluble hormones is derived from cholesterol? - ✔✔Steroid Hormones
With respect to solubility, which class of hormones requires second messengers? - ✔✔Water-
Soluble hormones
What do "synergistic effect" and "antagonistic effect" mean with respect to hormones? - ✔✔
Synergistic Effect- When the effect of two hormones acting together is greater and more
extensive than the effect of each hormone acting alone.
Antagonist Effect- When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone.
What controls hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland? - ✔✔Hypothalamus
, Which hormone stimulates milk production? - ✔✔Prolactin
What effect does luteinizing hormone have on the gonads? - ✔✔In females-stimulates the
secretion of estrogens and progesterone and the maturation of oocytes in the ovaries. In males-
stimulate sperm production and secretion of testosterone in the testes.
Gonads - ✔✔An organ that produces gametes, testes or ovaries.
How is the amount of ADH secreted related to blood osmotic pressure? - ✔✔Acts to retain
body water and increase blood pressure.
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? What ion is regulated? - ✔✔-
Calcitonin Ca2+ (Calcium)
-Calcium, magnesium, phosphate
How are insulin and glucagon related to the regulation of glucose and where are they produced? -
✔✔Glucagon- Increases blood glucose when it falls below normal.
Insulin- Lowers blood glucose level when it is too high.
What is the effect of thyroid hormone on metabolic rate? - ✔✔Thyroid hormones increase basal
metabolic rate (BMR) by stimulating the use of cellular oxygen to produce ATP. When the BMR
increases, cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein increases.
