BSC 1005 Exam 3 Study Guide -
Sections 8, 9, & 10 Key Concepts
correctly answered to pass
Write the first law of thermodynamics - correct answer ✔✔The first law of thermodynamics
states that the change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the
system minus the net work done by the system. In equation form, the first law of
thermodynamics is ΔU = Q − W. Here ΔU is the change in internal energy U of the system.
Write the second law of thermodynamics - correct answer ✔✔The second law of
thermodynamics states that as energy is transferred or transformed, more and more of it is
wasted. It's one of the four laws of thermodynamics, which describe the relationships between
thermal energy, or heat, and other forms of energy, and how energy affects matter.
Draw a picture of an exergonic reaction next to an endergonic reaction. - correct answer ✔✔
Explain how ATP couples with reactions to drive metabolic work. - correct answer ✔✔ATP is
required for the phosphorylation of glucose, creating a high-energy but unstable intermediate.
This phosphorylation reaction causes a conformational change that allows enzymes to convert
the phosphorylated glucose molecule to the phosphorylated sugar fructose.
How does an enzyme speed up a reaction? - correct answer ✔✔by lowering the activation
energy
Explain how an enzyme interacts with a substrate. - correct answer ✔✔When an enzyme binds
its substrate, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. This complex lowers the activation energy
of the reaction and promotes its rapid progression by providing certain ions or chemical groups
that actually form covalent bonds with molecules as a necessary step of the reaction process.
, Contrast between a competitive and non - competitive enzyme inhibitor. - correct answer
✔✔The competitive inhibitor binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding
there. The noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme
What is the formula for cellular respiration? - correct answer ✔✔C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 +
6H2O + energy
How does the human body use energy? - correct answer ✔✔How do humans take in and use
energy?
Once we breathe in oxygen, our body uses it, along with sugar that we get through eating, to
produce energy, which then allows us to be active. This process is known as respiration. During
respiration, both energy and a gas known as carbon dioxide are produced.
Describe how NADH and the electron transport chain interact to release ATP - correct answer
✔✔See other study sets
Give a brief overview of the three stages of cellular respiration. - correct answer ✔✔glycolysis,
the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. (See other study sets for an overview of each)
Glycolysis begins with 1 glucose molecule. What molecules are made in glycolysis? How many of
each of these molecules are made? - correct answer ✔✔Two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules,
a total of four ATP molecules, and two molecules of NADH
What molecules are made from pyruvate in the pyruvate transition reaction? How many of each
of these molecules are made? - correct answer ✔✔The transition reaction converts the two
molecules of the 3-carbon pyruvate from glycolysis (and other pathways) into two molecules of
the 2-carbon molecule acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and 2 molecules of carbon dioxide.
What molecules are made from Acetyl CoA during the citric acid cycle? How many of each of
these molecules are made? - correct answer ✔✔The citric acid cycle: In the citric acid cycle, the
Sections 8, 9, & 10 Key Concepts
correctly answered to pass
Write the first law of thermodynamics - correct answer ✔✔The first law of thermodynamics
states that the change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the
system minus the net work done by the system. In equation form, the first law of
thermodynamics is ΔU = Q − W. Here ΔU is the change in internal energy U of the system.
Write the second law of thermodynamics - correct answer ✔✔The second law of
thermodynamics states that as energy is transferred or transformed, more and more of it is
wasted. It's one of the four laws of thermodynamics, which describe the relationships between
thermal energy, or heat, and other forms of energy, and how energy affects matter.
Draw a picture of an exergonic reaction next to an endergonic reaction. - correct answer ✔✔
Explain how ATP couples with reactions to drive metabolic work. - correct answer ✔✔ATP is
required for the phosphorylation of glucose, creating a high-energy but unstable intermediate.
This phosphorylation reaction causes a conformational change that allows enzymes to convert
the phosphorylated glucose molecule to the phosphorylated sugar fructose.
How does an enzyme speed up a reaction? - correct answer ✔✔by lowering the activation
energy
Explain how an enzyme interacts with a substrate. - correct answer ✔✔When an enzyme binds
its substrate, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. This complex lowers the activation energy
of the reaction and promotes its rapid progression by providing certain ions or chemical groups
that actually form covalent bonds with molecules as a necessary step of the reaction process.
, Contrast between a competitive and non - competitive enzyme inhibitor. - correct answer
✔✔The competitive inhibitor binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding
there. The noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme
What is the formula for cellular respiration? - correct answer ✔✔C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 +
6H2O + energy
How does the human body use energy? - correct answer ✔✔How do humans take in and use
energy?
Once we breathe in oxygen, our body uses it, along with sugar that we get through eating, to
produce energy, which then allows us to be active. This process is known as respiration. During
respiration, both energy and a gas known as carbon dioxide are produced.
Describe how NADH and the electron transport chain interact to release ATP - correct answer
✔✔See other study sets
Give a brief overview of the three stages of cellular respiration. - correct answer ✔✔glycolysis,
the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. (See other study sets for an overview of each)
Glycolysis begins with 1 glucose molecule. What molecules are made in glycolysis? How many of
each of these molecules are made? - correct answer ✔✔Two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules,
a total of four ATP molecules, and two molecules of NADH
What molecules are made from pyruvate in the pyruvate transition reaction? How many of each
of these molecules are made? - correct answer ✔✔The transition reaction converts the two
molecules of the 3-carbon pyruvate from glycolysis (and other pathways) into two molecules of
the 2-carbon molecule acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and 2 molecules of carbon dioxide.
What molecules are made from Acetyl CoA during the citric acid cycle? How many of each of
these molecules are made? - correct answer ✔✔The citric acid cycle: In the citric acid cycle, the
