WH: General Gynecology Questions With Complete
Solutions
After the physical exam and pregnancy test, what
is the next step in evaluating primary amenorrhea
labs (TSH, prolactin, LH, FSH)
Are most fibroids symptomatic?
No, most are asymptomatic and are found
incidentally
What is IUI (intrauterine insemination)?
Female injects hormones to make the body ovulate
and the male sperm sample is cleaned and injected
past the cervix into uterus
What is IVF (in vitro fertilization)?
The egg is fertilised outside the woman's body and
then implanted back into her uterus.
What is natural family planning
Use knowledge of woman's "fertile window" to
either achieve or avoid pregnancy
Calendar method of NFP
tracking menstrual cycles to predict ovulation
based on previous cycle data
basal body temperature method of NFP
,check basal body temperature at the same time
every AM before getting out of bed and chart this
Cervical mucous method of NFP
monitor changes in cervical mucus daily. Becomes
stretchy and clear with ovulation
symptothermal method of NFP
combines BBT + cervical mucus tracking
What is spermicide and how effective is it?
- contains chemicals that stop sperm from moving
- one of the least effective methods when used
alone (73%)
What is a diaphragm for contraceptive.
Reusable rubber cup-like device that holds
spermicide against the cervix -> physical and
chemical barrier
Must remain in place for at least 6 hours after
intercourse (no more than 24 hours)
What does a diaphragm increase risk of
TSS and UTI
What is sponge contraceptive
Polyurethane sponge containing nonoxynol-9
spermicide
Sustained-release system of spermicide
,What is the cervical cap contraceptive
Rubber cap that is fitted around the base of the
cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus
What is the male condom contraceptive and how
effective is it?
Sheath covers the penis and prevents deposition of
semen in the vagina
Typical use failure rate around 15%, perfect use
failure rate 2%
What is the female condom contraceptive
Thin polyurethane sheath with a flexible ring at
each end- one ring sits deep inside the vagina,
other ring sits outside vagina near introitus
Sheath coated with lubricant, not spermicide
Copper IUD (ParaGard) SE
heavy menses, irregular bleeding first few months
after placement
Does copper IUD provide STD protection
No
Does copper IUD contain hormones?
No
Failure rate of copper IUD
0.8%
, How do COC work
Prevent ovulation via negative feedback- suppress
hypothalamic release of GnRH, prevent pituitary
secretion of FSH/LH
Besides contraceptive effects what are other
benefits can COC provide?
reduced risk of ovarian/endometrial cancer, ectopic
pregnancy, PID, benign breast disorders, acne,
bone mineral density loss
Failure rate of COC
Typical use 9%
Perfect use 0.3%
Mechanism of action for progestin only pill
- Thickens cervical mucus to make it difficult for
sperm to enter uterus and cause fertilization
- Thins lining of uterus to inhibit implantation
- Stops ovulation, but not consistently
Most important consoling point for progestin only
pill
Must be taken on a strict time schedule - same
time each day
What is a good oral contraceptive option for breast
feeding mothers
Progestin only pills
Solutions
After the physical exam and pregnancy test, what
is the next step in evaluating primary amenorrhea
labs (TSH, prolactin, LH, FSH)
Are most fibroids symptomatic?
No, most are asymptomatic and are found
incidentally
What is IUI (intrauterine insemination)?
Female injects hormones to make the body ovulate
and the male sperm sample is cleaned and injected
past the cervix into uterus
What is IVF (in vitro fertilization)?
The egg is fertilised outside the woman's body and
then implanted back into her uterus.
What is natural family planning
Use knowledge of woman's "fertile window" to
either achieve or avoid pregnancy
Calendar method of NFP
tracking menstrual cycles to predict ovulation
based on previous cycle data
basal body temperature method of NFP
,check basal body temperature at the same time
every AM before getting out of bed and chart this
Cervical mucous method of NFP
monitor changes in cervical mucus daily. Becomes
stretchy and clear with ovulation
symptothermal method of NFP
combines BBT + cervical mucus tracking
What is spermicide and how effective is it?
- contains chemicals that stop sperm from moving
- one of the least effective methods when used
alone (73%)
What is a diaphragm for contraceptive.
Reusable rubber cup-like device that holds
spermicide against the cervix -> physical and
chemical barrier
Must remain in place for at least 6 hours after
intercourse (no more than 24 hours)
What does a diaphragm increase risk of
TSS and UTI
What is sponge contraceptive
Polyurethane sponge containing nonoxynol-9
spermicide
Sustained-release system of spermicide
,What is the cervical cap contraceptive
Rubber cap that is fitted around the base of the
cervix, preventing sperm from entering the uterus
What is the male condom contraceptive and how
effective is it?
Sheath covers the penis and prevents deposition of
semen in the vagina
Typical use failure rate around 15%, perfect use
failure rate 2%
What is the female condom contraceptive
Thin polyurethane sheath with a flexible ring at
each end- one ring sits deep inside the vagina,
other ring sits outside vagina near introitus
Sheath coated with lubricant, not spermicide
Copper IUD (ParaGard) SE
heavy menses, irregular bleeding first few months
after placement
Does copper IUD provide STD protection
No
Does copper IUD contain hormones?
No
Failure rate of copper IUD
0.8%
, How do COC work
Prevent ovulation via negative feedback- suppress
hypothalamic release of GnRH, prevent pituitary
secretion of FSH/LH
Besides contraceptive effects what are other
benefits can COC provide?
reduced risk of ovarian/endometrial cancer, ectopic
pregnancy, PID, benign breast disorders, acne,
bone mineral density loss
Failure rate of COC
Typical use 9%
Perfect use 0.3%
Mechanism of action for progestin only pill
- Thickens cervical mucus to make it difficult for
sperm to enter uterus and cause fertilization
- Thins lining of uterus to inhibit implantation
- Stops ovulation, but not consistently
Most important consoling point for progestin only
pill
Must be taken on a strict time schedule - same
time each day
What is a good oral contraceptive option for breast
feeding mothers
Progestin only pills
