Pathophysiology Practice Exam 3 Questions and Correct Graded Answers

Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 1. You are performing a routine physical exam on a 5-year-old female you notice that her blood pressure was 125/88 mm/hg you also felt an abdominal mass. You ordered an abdominal sonogram because the high on the differential diagnosis list is? (1 point) Choice 1 a Wilms tumor Choice 2 Renal cyst Choice 3 Adrenal cyst Choice 4 Polycystic kidneys 2. "Compliance is the measure of lung and chest wall distensibility" Increase compliance means that it has lost its elasticity. Which of the following conditions/conditions can increase compliance. (1 point) Choice 1 Normal aging Choice 2 Acute respiratory distress syndrome Choice 3 PneumoniaPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 4 Fibrosis Choice 5 All of the above Choice 6 All except III 3. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and contains which of the following subunits (1 point) Choice 1 Renal capsule and proximal convoluted tubules Choice 2 Loop of henle and distal convoluted tubule Choice 3 Major Calyx and minor Calyces Choice 4 Collecting duct Choice 5 All except III Choice 6 All of the abovePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 4. What are the risk factors for developing renal cell carcinoma? (1 point) Choice 1 The used of Nonsteroidal ant inflammatory Choice 2 Cigarette smoking Choice 3 Alcohol use Choice 4 Human immunodeficiency syndrome Choice 5 I & II 5. What role does surfactant protein play in lung function? (1 point) Choice 1"Coats the inner surface of the alveolus and facilitates its expansion during inspiration" Choice 2"Lowers alveolar surface tension at end-expiration, thereby preventing lung collapse (atelectasis)."Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 3"Control of lung inflammation by decreasing release of proinflammatory mediators, preventing oxidative injury, and regulating the role of fibroblasts in airway remodeling." Choice 4 All of the above 6. You are interviewing is a mother who brought her 4year old daughter into the ER because she has been coughing and she thinks he might have swallowed a peanut and it went into her lungs. Where would you most likely find this foreign object? (1 point) Choice 1 Left lung Choice 2 Right lung Choice 3 Bronchi Choice 4 Carina Explanation: "The right mainstem bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left (branches at about a 20- to 30-degree angle from the trachea)." McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 35 Pg 1145Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 7. "In Secondary Syphilis the infection is silent. Transmission of the infection is possible even though there are no clinical signs of the infection" (1 point) True False Explanation: "Stage II, secondary syphilis—systemic disease: blood-borne bacteria spread to all major organ systems; immune system suppresses infection and symptoms regress spontaneously"McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 27 page 872 8. A 46-year-old male with a history of prostate hypertrophy presented to the Emergency room with left flank pain radiating to the groin and abdomen. Pain is 10/10 with associated nausea and vomiting. He noticed visible blood in the urine. with urgency and frequency of micturition. Which of these illnesses do you think this patient might have? (1 point) Choice 1 Bladder cancer Choice 2 UrolithiasisPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 3 Renal colic Choice 4 Stress incontinence Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1149 9. A 26-year female presented to the emergency room with complaints of fever, chills, flank pain frequency, and painful urination. High on your differential diagnosis would be (1 point) Choice 1 Chronic pyelonephritis Choice 2 Acute pyelonephritis Choice 3 Acute glomerular nephritis Choice 4 Chronic glomerular nephritis Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1257Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 10. "Latent TB infection is asymptomatic with no radiologic evidence of disease." (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 page 1189 11. What is the treatment of choice in treating primary dysmenorrhea (1 point) Choice 1 Estrogen-progesterone pills Choice 2 Prostaglandin inhibitors eg ( NSAIDS) Choice 3 Cox2 inhibitors Choice 4 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 page 759. 12. What is the first sign of testicular cancer (1 point) Choice 1 A painless nontender mass Choice 2 Dull ache in the abdomen Choice 3 Lumbar pain Choice 4 Gynecomastia Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 26 page 845 13. What is a common clinical manifestation of bladder cancer (1 point) Choice 1 NocturiaPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 Urinary urgency Choice 3 Painless hematuria Choice 4 Flank pain Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1253 14. What would be a common cause of acute kidney injury? (1 point) Choice 1 Hypovolemia Choice 2 Malignant hypertension Choice 3 Neurogenic bladder Choice 4 Acute tubular necrosis Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1264Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 15. Which of these ovarian cysts have a malignant potential and should be evaluated for removal? (1 point) Choice 1 Follicular cyst Choice 2 Dermoid cyst Choice 3 Corpus Luteum cyst Choice 4 Functional Cyst Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 Page 774 16. What is the primary risk factor for laryngeal cancer (1 point) Choice 1 Tobacco smoking Choice 2 Human Papillomavirus types 6,11 Choice 3 Alcohol usePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 4 H. pylori Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 Pg 1193 17. It is recommended that young women and men be vaccinated with the Human papillomavirus ( HPV) vaccine to decrease cervical cancer. Which HPV strains are responsible for causing most cervical cancers? (1 point) Choice 1 Types 16 & 18 Choice 2 Types 6 & 11 Choice 3 Types 45, 52 & 58 Choice 4 Types 31 & 33 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 Page 778Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 18. Streptococcus Pneumoniae is the most common cause for bacterial pneumonia (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. chapter Pg. 1187 19. You are a provider working in the emergency room and the emergency medical technician transported a mother and infant 6 months old. The mother gives a history of harsh cough, running nose, fever, feeding difficulties, restlessness, difficulty breathing. The EMT notices nasal flaring and intercostal retractions. What is the most likely diagnosis? (1 point) Choice 1 Acute Laryngotracheal bronchitis ( croup) Choice 2 Peritonsillar Abscess Choice 3 Acute EpiglottitisPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 4 Acute Tracheitis Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 37 page 1206 20. Identify the steps in the delivery of oxygen to the cells. i.e. Gas Transport (1 point) Choice 1 "Ventilation of the lungs" Choice 2 "Diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood" Choice 3 "Perfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood" Choice 4 "Diffusion of oxygen from systemic capillaries into the cells" Choice 5 All of of the above Choice 6 all except II Explanation:Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 35 Pg 1154 21. You are one of the providers in the dialysis center and during one of the weekly dialysis sessions, one of the patients ask, why do I have to get this monthly injection of erythropoietin? The most appropriate response would be (1 point) Choice 1 You lose red blood cells during dialysis and they must be replaced Choice 2 It is given to carry oxygen around the body so you don't feel weak after dialysis Choice 3 It stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. Choice 4 Because of your renal failure, your kidneys are unable to make the hormone erythropoietin so it is given to stimulate the bone marrow make red blood cells Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 38 page 1228 22. Patients with a history of diabetes and Dupuytren contracture are at increased risk for developing Peyronie's disease for which the gold standard of treatment is? (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 1 Colchicine Choice 2 Aminobenzoate potassium Choice 3 Surgery Choice 4 L-carnitine Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. chapter 26 page 839 23. Which of these reproductive "hormones supports Corpus Luteum which secretes estrogen and progesterone during the first seven weeks of pregnancy" (1 point) Choice 1 Activin Choice 2 Follicle Stimulating Hormone ( FSH) Choice 3 Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Choice 4 Luteinizing HormonePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 Pg 726 24. "Hemoptysis is expectoration of bloody mucus that can be caused by" (1 point) Choice 1 Bronchitis Choice 2 Tuberculosis Choice 3 Abscess Choice 4 Neoplasms Choice 5 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 page 1197 25. Which one of these conditions is a result of a "neuromuscular immaturity or an abnormality of the sensorimotor integrative function of the brain stem" (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 1 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Choice 2 Respiratory distress syndrome Choice 3 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Choice 4 Laryngomalacia Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 37 page 1210 26. In males puberty is complete with (1 point) Choice 1 First ejaculation that contains mature sperm Choice 2 Rapid skeletal growth Choice 3 Elevation in testosterone levels Choice 4 Growth of axillary and pubic hair Explanation:Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 Pg 730 27. In which respiratory illness is there "smooth muscle constriction, degranulation of mast cells, hyperinflation of alveoli, and mucus accumulation" (1 point) Choice 1 bronchial asthma Choice 2 Chronic bronchitis Choice 3 Emphysema Choice 4 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease. Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 page 1185 28. You are evaluating a 56-year-old woman to return to duty she was out due to a cough that her allergist thinks might be related to seasonal allergies. She has been taking Zyrtec and Singular but the coughing has persisted. She is taking Lisinopril 40 mg daily for hypertension. What would be the next appropriate action (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 1 Prescribe a albuterol inhaler and nebulizer solution Choice 2 Stop the Lisinopril because this is an ACE inhibitor and chronic cough can occur with its use Choice 3 Prescribe Flonase nasal spray Choice 4 Prescribe a long acting beta agonist such as Formoterol Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter page 1164 29. Any urinary tract obstruction can cause hydronephrosis which can lead to tubulointerstitial fibrosis (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1247Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 30. What are the risk factors for prostate cancer (1 point) Choice 1 Older than 65 Choice 2 African American Choice 3 Family History Choice 4 From Eastern Asia Choice All except IV Choice 6 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 26 page 849 31. Which of these patient/ patients would be at high risk for pulmonary embolism (1 point) Choice 1 A 34 female on oral contraceptives'Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 A 56 year old farmer with activated protein C deficiency Choice 3 A 40 year old with hypertension Choice 4 A 60 year old with Congested heart failure Choice 5 I & II Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 page 1189 32. Assessment of male infertility will include a semen analysis for morphology, numbers, motility, and infections. A normal sperm count should be (1 point) Choice 1 > 4 million/mL Choice 2 > 15 million/mL Choice 3 >1 Million/mL Choice 4. >20 million/mLPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 page 747 33. What is the first sign of puberty in girls? (1 point) Choice 1 The release of a mature Ova Choice 2 Breast development Choice 3 Pubic hair Choice 4 Fat deposits in the hips Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 Pg 730 34. Which of these symptoms would tell you that a pediatric patient you are treating has a severe case of acute glomerulonephritis? (1 point) Choice 1 ProteinuriaPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 Hematuria Choice 3 Edema Choice 4 Azotemia Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 40 Pg 1282 35. A 33-year-old man was involved in an MVA where the airbag was deployed. He presented to the ER with complaints of difficulty breathing, chest pain. You noticed his blood pressure was low 90/50. You ordered a chest xray to make which of the most likely diagnosis? (1 point) Choice 1 Pneumonia Choice 2 Tension Pneumothorax Choice 3 Primary spontaneous pneumothorax Choice 4 I Iatrogenic pneumothorax Explanation:Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 Pg 1168 36. Which of these natriuretic peptides promote diuresis (1 point) Choice 1 Urodilatin Choice 2 Atrial Natriuretic peptide Choice 3 Brain natriuretic Peptide Choice 4 Adenosine Choice 5 All except IV Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 38 Pg 1236 37. How do you diagnose urinary tract infection in clinical practice (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 1 Urine culture Choice 2 Urinalysis Choice 3 Ultrasound Choice 4 Voiding cystourethrography Choice 5 I & II 38. Gas exchange occurs across the alveolar-capillary membrane. Which disease occurs when there is a thickening or scarring of this membrane? (1 point) Choice 1 Pulmonary Fibrosis Choice 2 Pneumonia Choice 3 Bronchitis Choice 4 Cystic fibrosis Explanation: Type explanation here..Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 . McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 35 Pg 1148 39. A patient is admitted to your unit to rule out Tuberculosis. You know that the gold standard for diagnosing Tuberculosis is (1 point) Choice 1 Sputum culture and indirect drug susceptibility testing Choice 2 Tuberculin Skin Test Choice 3 QuantiFERON TB gold test Choice 4 Chest X-ray Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 page 1189 40. You are examining Mr. Jones who came for his annual physical exam. You performed his nasal exam and he said to you. I need to trim all these hairs from my nose. What (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 would be the most appropriate response? Do not remove them because they...... Choice 1 "Protects trachea and bronchi from injury; traps most foreign particles and bacteria that reach the lower airways" Choice 2 "Trap and remove foreign particles, some bacteria, and noxious gases from inspired air" Choice 3 "Disrupt laminar flow and enhance deposition of particles and pathogens on ciliated mucosa" Choice 4 "Maintains constant temperature and humidification of gas entering the lungs" Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 35 Pg 1143 table 35.1 41. In educating your patients about strategies for risk reduction of breast cancer you would include (1 point) Choice 1 Decreasing alcohol consumption Choice 2 Utilization an exercise programPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 3 Avoiding house hold products that contains methylene chloride Choice 4 Avoid smoking Choice 5 all of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 Page 813, 824 42. Endometriosis places women at risk for (1 point) Choice 1 Ovarian cancer Choice 2 Small for gestational age babies Choice 3 Pre-term pregnancy Choice 4 Infertility Choice 5 All of the above Explanation:Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 page 777 43. " More than two-thirds of breast cancer occurs in women older than 55 years (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 Page 793 44. A 20-year-old male presents to the emergency room with complaints of left testicular pain after a soccer ball hit him in the groin area an hour ago. The pain is 10/10 on the pain scale and he has noticed some scrotal swelling. High on your diagnosis differential testicular torsion. What would be included in your plan? (1 point) Choice 1 Order a color doppler ultrasonography Choice 2 Order scrotal supportPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 3 Order a urinalysis to rule out infection Choice 4 Try to reduce the torsion manually Choice 5 All except II Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. 45. "TB is highly contagious and is transmitted from personto-person by inhalation of airborne droplets." (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 PG 1189Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 46. "Treatment of prostate cancer depends on the stage of the neoplasm, the anticipated effects of treatment, the age, general health and life expectancy of the individual" (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 26 page 859 47. Respiratory rate and O2 saturation are important clinical indicators when assessing for pneumonia (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 37 page 1218Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 48. The cause of uterine fibroid is unknown but their growth is related to which of the following factors (1 point) Choice 1 Estrogen Choice 2 Progesterone Choice 3 Growth factors Choice 4 Angiogenesis Choice 5 Apoptosis Choice 6 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. chapter 25 page 775 49. Pelvic inflammatory disease is a likely diagnosis when which of the following is present (1 point) Choice 1 Cervical motion tenderness ( CMT)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 Uterine tenderness Choice 3 Adnexal tenderness Choice 4 All of the above Choice 5 All except III Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 page 768 50. What is the most progressive symptom of laryngeal cancer (1 point) Choice 1 hoarseness Choice 2 cough Choice 3 dyspnea Choice 4 Laryngeal pain Explanation:Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 Pg 1193 51. A 36-year female presents to your office with complaints of a 3-day history tender lump near the vaginal opening, discomfort while walking or sitting, pain during intercourse, and fever of 100.4 F. You perform a pelvic exam and take a sample of secretions from the vagina and cervix to test for a sexually transmitted disease What is your likely diagnosis? (1 point) Choice 1 Sebaceous cyst Choice 2 Skene duct cyst Choice 3 Mucous cyst Choice 4 Bartholin cyst Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 page 770 52. A 20-year-old female presented to your office with complaints of a thin gray discharge having a foul fishy smell particularly after intercourse and during her menses. You check the PH of the vagina, perform a whiff (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 test and examine the vaginal discharge on a wet mount for clue cells with which diagnosis is in mind? Choice 1 Genital Herpes Choice 2 Human Papillomavirus infection Choice 3 Bacterial vaginosis Choice 4 Chlamydia Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 27 page 877 53. You are examining a 34-year old female with a history of HIV infection who presents with a vesicopustule lesion with necrotic based and ragged borders to the vaginal area. She has painful inguinal nodes, dysuria, vaginal discharge, and dyspareunia. What is the most likely diagnosis? (1 point) Choice 1 Syphilis Choice 2 Genital herpesPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 3 Granuloma Inguinale Choice 4 Chancroid Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 27 page 875 54. Clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome (1 point) Choice 1 Pitting edema Choice 2 Hypertension Choice 3 Vitamin D deficiency Choice 4 Hyperlipidemia Choice 5 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1262Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 55. Clinical manifestations of the pelvic inflammatory disease can present with abdominal pain and fever to no symptoms at all. What are the main pathogens that cause Pelvic inflammatory disease (1 point) Choice 1 Chlamydia Choice 2 Gardnerella vaginalis Choice 3 Mycoplasma Genitalis Choice 4 Choice I & V Choice 5 Gonorrhea Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. chapter 25 page 768 56. What is the most common cause of amenorrhea? (1 point) Choice 1 Thyroid diseasePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 Stress Choice 3 Weight loss Choice 4 Pregnancy Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25, page 761. 57. "Oxytocin, another hormone released from the hypothalamus after delivery, controls milk ejection (letdown) from acini cells" (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 Pg 740Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 58. What is the primary function of the kidneys is to maintain hemostasis for cell and tissue metabolism and this is achieved through which process (1 point) Choice 1 Balancing solute and water transport Choice 2 Excreting metabolic waste Choice 3 Conserving nutrients Choice 4 Regulating acids and bases Choice 5 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 38 page 1228 59. A patient presents to the ER with complaints of dyspnea, leg swelling, and pink frothy sputum. The patient has a history of uncontrolled hypertension. Your physical exam reveals inspiratory crackles and dullness to percussion over the lung bases. Which would be your most appropriate diagnosis (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 1 Acute respiratory distress syndrome Choice 2 Pulmonary edema Choice 3 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Choice 4 Pneumoconiosis Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter page . 60. Non-proliferative benign breast lesions does not increase one's risk for breast cancer (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 page 789Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 61. During the normal aging process, what changes do you expect to see in the lungs? (1 point) Choice 1 Decrease chest wall compliance and elastic recoil of the lungs Choice 2 Loss of alveolar wall and alveolar wall enlargement diminishing the surface area for gas diffusion Choice 3 A decrease in Pao2 levels but does not affect Paco2 levels Choice 4 A decrease in vital capacity and increase in Residual volume and increase in tidal volume. Choice 5 Vital capacity decreases and residual volumes increases with no change in total lung capacity Choice 6 I, II,III, V 62. The clitoris is similar to the male penis and performs which of the following : (1 point) Choice 1 Secretes smegmaPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 Become erectile and filled with blood when aroused Choice 3 Secretes mucus that lubricates the urinary Meatus and and the vestibule Choice 4 Choice I & II Choice 5 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 Pg 730 63. Which hormone/hormones do the kidney secrete (1 point) Choice 1 Cortisol Choice 2 Peptides Choice 3 Renin Choice 4 Erythropoietin Choice 5 III & 4Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 38 page 1228 64. A 57-year-old female presented to your office with a single episode of severe uterine bleeding for three days she is concerned about the severe blood loss and wants to ensure there is no malignancy. The appropriate response would be (1 point) Choice 1 A transvaginal sonogram will be ordered to look for structural causes Choice 2 Blood work will be done to look for nonstructural causes Choice 3 An endometrial biopsy will be done Choice 4 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 page 763Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 65. When performing a pap smear where along the endocervical canal do you collect the cells for analysis (1 point) Choice 1 The endometrial layer Choice 2 The transformation zone Choice 3 The internal os of the cervix Choice 4 The external os of the cervix Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 Pg 732 66. A clinical breast exam is recommended (1 point) Choice 1 A few days before the mensural cycle Choice 2 A few days after the mensural cycle Choice 3 At the conclusion of the menstrual cyclePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 4 All except I Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. chapter 24. Page 739. 67. "In Nephrotic syndrome, patients excrete more than 3.5 grams of protein in the urine per day" (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1262 68. Question What is the common cause or causes of pyelonephritis in children younger than 5 years old? (1 point) Choice 1 Urinary tract infectionsPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 Vesicoureteral Reflux ( VUR) Choice 3 Nephrolithiasis Choice 4 I& II Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 40 Pg 1287 69. What are the male reproductive hormones? (1 point) Choice 1 Testosterone Choice 2 Follicle stimulating hormone Choice 3 Luteinizing hormone Choice 4 Prolactin Choice 5 All except IV Explanation:Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 page 746 70. Which of these tumor types in lung cancer is slowgrowing (1 point) Choice 1 Large cell carcinoma Choice 2 Small cell carcinoma Choice 3 Squamous Cell carcinoma Choice 4 Adenocarcinoma Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 page 1194 71. Which of these can happen when there is an obstruction of the upper urinary tract (1 point) Choice 1 Decrease glomerular blood flow Choice 2 Decrease glomerular filtration ratePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 3 Increase hydrostatic pressure Choice 4 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1247 72. A 40-year male presents to your office with complaints of swelling pain and tenderness to the left scrotum. You suspect a benign hydrocele or cyst. Your next action would be to perform (1 point) Choice 1 A physical exam Choice 2 An ultra sound Choice 3 Aspiration of the fluid Choice 4 Injection of a sclerosing agent Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 26 page 842Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 73. After examining a 40-year-old female patient that has a history of dense breast tissue. You would order which one of the following tests (1 point) Choice 1 Mammography and a MRI Choice 2 Mammography and ultrasonography Choice 3 Mammography and thermography Choice 4 Mammography and Biopsy Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 Page 792 74. A 3-year male presents to your office with facial swelling, Mother states the swelling is in the mornings which improves as the day progresses. She notice that his scrotum was swollen this morning, hence she brought him in for a check-up today. He has been irritable and has a poor appetite as well. Based on these presenting signs and symptoms. What is your likely diagnosis? (1 point) Choice 1 Hemolytic Uremic syndromePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 Henoch Schonlein Nephritis Choice 3 Nephrotic syndrome Choice 4 Glomerulonephritis Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 40 Pg 1285 75. Creatinine is a key index of changing glomerular function (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1269 76. Pulmonary hypertension impedes right ventricle resulting in which of these conditions (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 1 Congestive heart failure Choice 2 Cor Pulmonale Choice 3 Systolic dysfunction Choice 4 Systolic hypertension Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 35 Pg 1148 77. What are the risk factors for male breast cancer (1 point) Choice 1 Radiation exposure Choice 2 Estrogen administration Choice 3 Female relatives with breast cancer Choice 4 Klinefelter syndrome Choice 5 All of the abovePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 6 All except IV Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 26 page 861 78. "In most cases the clinical manifestations of PE are nonspecific; therefore evaluation of risk factors and predisposing factors is an important aspect of diagnosis." (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 page 1190 79. You are seeing a patient with CHF who presents to the ER with Shortness of breath. You prescribed Lasix( Furosemide) because (1 point) Choice 1 It is a loop diuretic that reduces sodium reabsorptionPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 It acts on the ascending limb of the loop of henle to prevent the reabsorption of of sodium Choice 3 It acts on the collecting duct causing a reabsorption of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate Choice 4 It acts on the proximal tubule causing a re absorption of sodium, glucose, potassium amino acids, and bicarbonate Choice 5 I & II Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 38 Pg 1236 80. You are performing spirometry on a 16-year-old patient with asthma. You would expect which measurements to be increased after a bronchodilator (1 point) Choice 1 Tidal volume Choice 2 FEV1 Choice 3 FVC Choice 4 Residual volumePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 5 Choice II & III Explanation: "If the patient has an obstructive defect, the physician should determine if it is reversible based on the increase in FEV1 or FVC after bronchodilator treatment (i.e., increase of more than 12% in patients five to 18 years of age, or more than 12% and more than 200 mL in adults)" Johnson, J., D., & Theurer, W., M., (2014). A stepwise approach to interpreting the pulmonary function test. American family physicians 89, (5) 559-360 81. In angioedema "increased levels of bradykinin mediate this adverse effect by causing vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and histamine release" This can occur in children because of (1 point) Choice 1 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACE inhibitors) Choice 2 Allergy to eggs Choice 3 Allergy to cows milk Choice 4 Allergy to chicken eggs Choice 5 All of the above Explanation:Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 37 page 1209 82. What are the factors associated with increased risk of breast cancer? (1 point) Explanation: Family history, previous medical history, estrogen exposure, pregnancy, radiation, obesity and stature, dietary and alcohol, social and environmental. .McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 page 793 83. What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease? (1 point) Choice 1 Systemic Lupus Erythematous Choice 2 Diabetic nephropathy Choice 3 Hypertension Choice 4 Nephrotic syndromePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1262 84. Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disease that can occur in late childhood and early adulthood and is often diagnosed with an ultrasound. Mutation of which two genes occurs with this disease (1 point) Choice 1 Chromosome 21 and 18 Choice 2 Chromosome 16 and 4 Choice 3 Chromosome 16 and 24 Choice 4 Chromosome 1 and 2 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1282 85. Uterine fibroids are classified according to their location and are classified as (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 1 Subserous Choice 2 Submucous Choice 3 Intramural Choice 4 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 Page 776 86. Which of these patients are at risk for developing pulmonary hypertension caused by lung disease and or hypoxia (1 point) Choice 1 A basketball player with sleep disordered breathing Choice 2 A swimmer Choice 3 A baseball player who plays for the Colorado Rockies Choice 4 A basketball playerPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 5 I & III Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 36 page 1191 87. A 23-year-old female presents to your office with complaints of dysuria, yellow foul-smelling vaginal discharge, fever abdominal and pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. You perform a GYN exam and your exam discloses a friable and erythematous cervix with mucopurulent discharge from the cervical os. What is your likely diagnosis (1 point) Choice 1 Disseminated gonococcal infection Choice 2 chlamydial infection Choice 3 Gonococcal cervicitis Choice 4 Vaginal candida Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 27 page 870Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 88. In cystitis, the urinary bladder is inflamed and congested resulting in Detrusor muscle hyperactivity and decreased bladder capacity. (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 40 Pg 1288 89. What are the primary forms of vaginitis? (1 point) Choice 1 Yeast vaginitis Choice 2 Bacterial vaginosis Choice 3 Trichomoniasis Choice 4 Atrophic vaginitisPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 5 I, II, & III Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25 page 769 90. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk for which of the following: (1 point) Choice 1 Gestational diabetes Choice 2 Pregnancy induced hypertension Choice 3 Preterm pregnancy Choice 4 Perinatal mortality Choice 5 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. chapter 25 page 765Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 91. An obstructive defect is indicated by a low forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio, (1 point) True False Explanation: Johnson, J., D., & Theurer, W., M., (2014). A stepwise approach to interpreting the pulmonary function test. American family physicians 89, (5) 559-360 92. "In most women the uterus is" (1 point) Choice 1 Ante flexed Choice 2 Retroflexed Choice 3 Anteverted Choice 4 Retroflexed Explanation:Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 Pg 732 93. You are reviewing the lab work for a 76-year-old female with a history of type 2 diabetes. The estimated glomerular filtratation rate is 70ml/min. What is the severity of her kidney disease? (1 point) Choice 1 Mild kidney damage stage 2 Choice 2 moderate kidney damage stage 3 Choice 3 Severe kidney damage stage 4 Choice 4 Ends stage kidney disease stage 5 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1267 94. Which hormone or hormones stimulates mammary growth (1 point) Choice 1 Growth hormonePathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 2 Insulin -like growth factor Choice 3 Estrogen Choice 4 Prolactin Choice 5 All except IV Choice 6 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 24 Pg 740 . 95. What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in neonates (1 point) Choice 1 Ureterocele Choice 2 Megaureter Choice 3 Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ) Choice 4 Ureterovesical junction obstructionPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1281 96. A 23-year-old male presented to your office with complaints of burning sensation on urination, frequency of urination, clear discharge from the penis, and joint pains. He is having pain in the knees, feet, and ankles. He reported having a new sexual partner and has been having unprotected sex. What is your likely diagnosis? (1 point) Choice 1 Urinary tract infection Choice 2 Infectious Urethritis Choice 3 Reiter's syndrome Choice 4 Noninfectious urethritis Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 26 page 838 97. What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (1 point)Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 1 180ml/min Choice 2 150 ml/min Choice 3 120ml/min Choice 4 160ml/min 98. Overactive bladder increases one's risk for urinary tract infection and is often accompanied by sexual dysfunction and bowel problems. (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 39 Pg 1250Pathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 99. "Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that results from defective epithelial chloride ion transport. The CF gene is located on chromosome 7." (1 point) True False Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 37 page 1220 100. What are the clinical manifestations of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia? (1 point) Choice 1 Urgent need to urinate Choice 2 Difficulty starting urination Choice 3 Weak urine stream Choice 4 Inability to completely empty the bladderPathophysiology practice exam 3 questions with correct answers 2023 Choice 5 All of the above Explanation: McCance, K., & Huether, S. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biological basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 26 Page 847