Pathophysiology 2025 - 2026 (Exam 1)
Questions and Answers
What |is |genetics |- |ANS |-The |study |of |genes
How |is |cellular |information |maintained? |- |ANS |-In |the |form |of |deoxyribonucleic |acid |(DNA)
How |are |genetic |disorders |divided |- |ANS |-Single |gene |disorders, |chromosomal |disorders, |and |
polygenic |disorders
How |many |chromosomes |does |an |average |person |have |- |ANS |-46 |which |is |23 |pairs
Whats |a |karyotype |- |ANS |-A |representation |of |the |chromosomes |numbered |from |largest |to |
smallest
Autosomes |- |ANS |-The |first |22 |pairs |in |the |karyotype
Sex |chromosomes |- |ANS |-The |23rd |pair |in |the |karyotype
What |is |the |chromosome |makeup |for |males |- |ANS |-XY
What |is |the |chromosome |makeup |for |females |- |ANS |-XX
Where |does |meiosis |occur |- |ANS |-In |the |testes |and |ovaries |resulting |in |sperm |and |eggs
, How |many |chromosomes |does |a |sperm |or |egg |have |- |ANS |-23 |chromosomes |each. |Once |
combined |into |a |zygote |it |will |have |46
How |is |a |karyotype |of |a |person |with |Down |syndrome |different |- |ANS |-There |is |an |extra |
chromosome |in |the |21st |pair
What |is |translocation |- |ANS |-When |a |part |of |a |chromosome |is |taken |away |and |placed |on |
another |(an |extension)
What |are |the |parts |of |a |chromosome |- |ANS |-The |DNA |double |helix, |gene, |DNA, |histone, |
chromosome
What |is |a |chromatid |- |ANS |-One |of |the |halves |of |the |chromosome
What |is |gene |expression |- |ANS |-Different |genes |being |selectively |activated |in |different |cells |
(gene |gets |turned |on |to |make |RNA |and |proteins)
What |does |gene |expression |do |- |ANS |-It |controls |protein |synthesis |and |the |function |of |the |cell
Explain |the |process |of |DNA |to |a |protein |- |ANS |-...
How |do |the |cells |of |the |body |divide |- |ANS |-Mitosis
What |does |mitosis |do |- |ANS |-Makes |identical |copies |of |the |cell |and |DNA
How |do |errors |occur |in |mitosis |- |ANS |-Radiation, |chemicals, |and |drugs |all |can |affect |it
Questions and Answers
What |is |genetics |- |ANS |-The |study |of |genes
How |is |cellular |information |maintained? |- |ANS |-In |the |form |of |deoxyribonucleic |acid |(DNA)
How |are |genetic |disorders |divided |- |ANS |-Single |gene |disorders, |chromosomal |disorders, |and |
polygenic |disorders
How |many |chromosomes |does |an |average |person |have |- |ANS |-46 |which |is |23 |pairs
Whats |a |karyotype |- |ANS |-A |representation |of |the |chromosomes |numbered |from |largest |to |
smallest
Autosomes |- |ANS |-The |first |22 |pairs |in |the |karyotype
Sex |chromosomes |- |ANS |-The |23rd |pair |in |the |karyotype
What |is |the |chromosome |makeup |for |males |- |ANS |-XY
What |is |the |chromosome |makeup |for |females |- |ANS |-XX
Where |does |meiosis |occur |- |ANS |-In |the |testes |and |ovaries |resulting |in |sperm |and |eggs
, How |many |chromosomes |does |a |sperm |or |egg |have |- |ANS |-23 |chromosomes |each. |Once |
combined |into |a |zygote |it |will |have |46
How |is |a |karyotype |of |a |person |with |Down |syndrome |different |- |ANS |-There |is |an |extra |
chromosome |in |the |21st |pair
What |is |translocation |- |ANS |-When |a |part |of |a |chromosome |is |taken |away |and |placed |on |
another |(an |extension)
What |are |the |parts |of |a |chromosome |- |ANS |-The |DNA |double |helix, |gene, |DNA, |histone, |
chromosome
What |is |a |chromatid |- |ANS |-One |of |the |halves |of |the |chromosome
What |is |gene |expression |- |ANS |-Different |genes |being |selectively |activated |in |different |cells |
(gene |gets |turned |on |to |make |RNA |and |proteins)
What |does |gene |expression |do |- |ANS |-It |controls |protein |synthesis |and |the |function |of |the |cell
Explain |the |process |of |DNA |to |a |protein |- |ANS |-...
How |do |the |cells |of |the |body |divide |- |ANS |-Mitosis
What |does |mitosis |do |- |ANS |-Makes |identical |copies |of |the |cell |and |DNA
How |do |errors |occur |in |mitosis |- |ANS |-Radiation, |chemicals, |and |drugs |all |can |affect |it
