Biology 1124 Final Exam Assignment
Questions With 100% Correct Solutions
Graded A+.
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids - Answer The Four Main Classes of
Important Large Molecules Found in All Living Things
Macromolecules - Answer A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules,
usually by a dehydration reaction. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are these
Function - Answer Structure determines _______________?
Polymer - Answer A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked
by covalent bonds
Monomers - Answer The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer are
smaller molecules called _______________?
Enzymes - Answer Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions; facilitate the
process of building and breaking down polymers
Dehydration Reaction - Answer A chemical reaction in which two molecules become
covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule; these reactions connect
monomers to one another
Hydrolysis - Answer A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the
addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers
Digestion - Answer An example of the process of hydrolysis within our bodies
The four main classes are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Lipids are not
polymers. - Answer What are the four main classes of large biological molecules? Which class
does not consist of polymers?
,The amino acids in the fish protein must be released in hydrolysis actions and incorporated into
other proteins in dehydration reactions. - Answer If you eat a piece of fish, what reactions
must occur for the amino acid monomers in the protein of the fish to be converted to new
proteins in your body?
Carbohydrate - Answer A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or
polymers (polysaccharides)
Monosaccharide - Answer The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer
for disaccharides and polysaccharide. Also called simple sugars, these have molecular formulas
that are generally some multiple of CH₂O
Disaccharide - Answer A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a
glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction
Polysaccharide - Answer A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration
reactions
Glycosidic Linkage - Answer A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a
dehydration reaction
Glucose - Answer The most common monosaccharide; it is of central importance in the
chemistry of life
Sugars - Answer These molecules have a carbonyl group (CO) and multiple hydroxyl groups (—
OH)
The location of the carbonyl group - Answer What determines whether a sugar is an aldose
(aldehyde sugar) or a ketose (ketone sugar)?
Aldose - Answer What type of sugar is glucose?
Ketose - Answer What type of sugar is fructose?
The size of the carbon skeleton, three to seven - Answer Another criterion for classifying
, Spatial arrangement, asymmetric carbons - Answer Still another source of diversity for simple
sugars is in the _______________________________________ of their parts around
___________________________________.
Monosaccharides - Answer What types of sugars are major nutrients for the cell, providing
them fuel to do cellular work?
Sucrose - Answer What is the most prevalent disaccharide? (made up of glucose and fructose)
Starch - Answer A storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers
joined by alpha glycosidic linkages
Glycogen - Answer An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver
and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch
Cellulose - Answer A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose
monomers joined by beta glycosidic linkages
Cellulose - Answer What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth?
Chitin - Answer A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in
many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods; has beta glycosidic linkages
C₃H₆O₃ - Answer Write the formula for a monosaccharide that has three carbons.
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ - Answer A dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules to form maltose. The
formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What is the formula for maltose?
The antibiotic treatment is likely to have killed the cellulose-digesting prokaryotes in the cow's
gut. The absence of these prokaryotes would hamper the cow's ability to obtain energy from
old and could lead to weight loss and possibly death. Thus, prokaryotic species are
reintroduced, in appropriate combinations, in the gut culture given to treated cows. - Answer
After a cow is given antibiotics to treat an infection, a vet gives the animal a drink of "gut
culture" containing various prokaryotes. Why is this necessary?
Questions With 100% Correct Solutions
Graded A+.
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids - Answer The Four Main Classes of
Important Large Molecules Found in All Living Things
Macromolecules - Answer A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules,
usually by a dehydration reaction. Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are these
Function - Answer Structure determines _______________?
Polymer - Answer A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked
by covalent bonds
Monomers - Answer The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer are
smaller molecules called _______________?
Enzymes - Answer Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions; facilitate the
process of building and breaking down polymers
Dehydration Reaction - Answer A chemical reaction in which two molecules become
covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule; these reactions connect
monomers to one another
Hydrolysis - Answer A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the
addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers
Digestion - Answer An example of the process of hydrolysis within our bodies
The four main classes are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Lipids are not
polymers. - Answer What are the four main classes of large biological molecules? Which class
does not consist of polymers?
,The amino acids in the fish protein must be released in hydrolysis actions and incorporated into
other proteins in dehydration reactions. - Answer If you eat a piece of fish, what reactions
must occur for the amino acid monomers in the protein of the fish to be converted to new
proteins in your body?
Carbohydrate - Answer A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or
polymers (polysaccharides)
Monosaccharide - Answer The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer
for disaccharides and polysaccharide. Also called simple sugars, these have molecular formulas
that are generally some multiple of CH₂O
Disaccharide - Answer A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a
glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction
Polysaccharide - Answer A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration
reactions
Glycosidic Linkage - Answer A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a
dehydration reaction
Glucose - Answer The most common monosaccharide; it is of central importance in the
chemistry of life
Sugars - Answer These molecules have a carbonyl group (CO) and multiple hydroxyl groups (—
OH)
The location of the carbonyl group - Answer What determines whether a sugar is an aldose
(aldehyde sugar) or a ketose (ketone sugar)?
Aldose - Answer What type of sugar is glucose?
Ketose - Answer What type of sugar is fructose?
The size of the carbon skeleton, three to seven - Answer Another criterion for classifying
, Spatial arrangement, asymmetric carbons - Answer Still another source of diversity for simple
sugars is in the _______________________________________ of their parts around
___________________________________.
Monosaccharides - Answer What types of sugars are major nutrients for the cell, providing
them fuel to do cellular work?
Sucrose - Answer What is the most prevalent disaccharide? (made up of glucose and fructose)
Starch - Answer A storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers
joined by alpha glycosidic linkages
Glycogen - Answer An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver
and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch
Cellulose - Answer A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose
monomers joined by beta glycosidic linkages
Cellulose - Answer What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth?
Chitin - Answer A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in
many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods; has beta glycosidic linkages
C₃H₆O₃ - Answer Write the formula for a monosaccharide that has three carbons.
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ - Answer A dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules to form maltose. The
formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What is the formula for maltose?
The antibiotic treatment is likely to have killed the cellulose-digesting prokaryotes in the cow's
gut. The absence of these prokaryotes would hamper the cow's ability to obtain energy from
old and could lead to weight loss and possibly death. Thus, prokaryotic species are
reintroduced, in appropriate combinations, in the gut culture given to treated cows. - Answer
After a cow is given antibiotics to treat an infection, a vet gives the animal a drink of "gut
culture" containing various prokaryotes. Why is this necessary?
