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What is the term for learning by observing others’ behaviors and the outcomes of those
behaviors?
✔✔Observational learning
According to Piaget, in which stage do children begin to use logical operations and understand
the concept of conservation?
✔✔Concrete operational stage
What is the primary goal of formative assessment in the classroom?
✔✔To monitor student learning and provide feedback
Which psychologist is most closely associated with the theory of operant conditioning?
✔✔B.F. Skinner
What is the name of the temporary support provided to students to help them achieve a learning
goal?
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, ✔✔Scaffolding
According to Erikson, what is the central conflict of adolescence?
✔✔Identity vs. role confusion
Which type of motivation comes from within the individual rather than from external rewards?
✔✔Intrinsic motivation
What term describes a student’s belief about their own ability to succeed in specific situations?
✔✔Self-efficacy
Which instructional strategy involves breaking tasks into smaller, manageable steps to facilitate
learning?
✔✔Task analysis
What is the most effective way to promote long-term memory retention?
✔✔Spaced repetition and meaningful connections
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