Neuroscience FINAL EXAM – USA
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
CHAPTER 15 - THE CEREBELLUM - 7 QS - CORRECT ANSWER
The Cerebellum 3 Major functions: - CORRECT ANSWER -Synergy of Movement
-Upright Posture
- Tone (maintain)
Cerebellum exerts influence to motor systems of which 2 areas to correct movement -
CORRECT ANSWER Cortex & Brainstem
Cerebellum 3 Functional Regions - CORRECT ANSWER -Lateral Part
-Intermediate Part
-Vermis and Flocculonodular lobe
Cerebellum - Lateral Part fxn - CORRECT ANSWER Motor Planning
Cerebellum - Intermediate Part fxn - CORRECT ANSWER Distal Limb Coordination
Vermis and Flocculonodular lobe fcn's (3) - CORRECT ANSWER Proximal Limb
Coordination, Balance and Vestibulo-occular reflexes.
***Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (4) - CORRECT ANSWER Don't Eat Greasy foods
-Dentate - input from lateral regions
-Emboliform - input from intermediate regions
-Globase - input from intermediate regions
,-Fastigal - input from medial (vermis) regions
***Input to cerebellar cortex (2) ...hint: fibers - CORRECT ANSWER -Mossy fibers
(excitatory)
-Climbing fibers (excitatory)
(Both synapse directly or indirectly onto Purkinje cells)
***Output from cerebellar cortex (name?) and (+ or -) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Purkinje axons (inhibitory)
***Lesions to the intermediate cerebellum would affect what? - CORRECT
ANSWER Extremity coordination (appendicular ataxia)
***Lesions to the medial cerebellum would affect what? (3) - CORRECT
ANSWER Trunk control, posture, balance, unsteady gait, and **eye movements
***All outputs of the cerebellum go through what structures? (hint: 2 different nuclei) -
CORRECT ANSWER Deep cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei
• Why do deficits in coordination occur ipsilateral to the lesion?
- Crossings? - CORRECT ANSWER • Pathways from the cerebellum to the lateral
motor systems and periphery are "doubled crossed"
(B) Output form intermediate cerebellar hemisphere via interposed nuclei
• 1st crossing- exits at superior cerebellar peduncle and crosses
• 2nd Crossing- pyramidal Decussation and ventral tegmental Decussation (then influence
musculature via corticospinal and Rubrospinal tracts, respectively)
What are the S/S of cerebellar disorders? (8) - CORRECT ANSWER -vertigo
-nausea & vomiting
-horizontal nystagmus
, -slurred speech
-Limb ataxia
-truncal ataxia
-unsteady gait
-HA on side of lesion
****Cerebellar Artery Infarcts / Most common Artery - CORRECT ANSWER **1).
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) -
**2). Superior cerebellar artery (SCA) - involves most of cerebellum, but spares lateral BS.
•Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) - suplies internal auditory artery
Ataxia - CORRECT ANSWER ("lack of order")- disordered contractions of agonist
and antagonist muscles and lack of normal coordination between movements at different
joints
Truncal Ataxia (results from?) ... looks like - CORRECT ANSWER -Results form
lesions of the vermis which affect the medial motor systems
-Wide-based, unsteady, "drunk-like" gait
Appendicular Ataxia - CORRECT ANSWER -Results from lesions of the intermediate
and lateral cerebellum which affect the lateral motor systems
CHAPTER 16 - BASAL GANGLIA - 7 QUESTIONS - CORRECT ANSWER
Caudate + Putamen = ? - CORRECT ANSWER Striatum
Putamen + Globus Pallidus = ? - CORRECT ANSWER Lenticular Nucleus
Parts of BG? (5) - CORRECT ANSWER -Cuadate
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
CHAPTER 15 - THE CEREBELLUM - 7 QS - CORRECT ANSWER
The Cerebellum 3 Major functions: - CORRECT ANSWER -Synergy of Movement
-Upright Posture
- Tone (maintain)
Cerebellum exerts influence to motor systems of which 2 areas to correct movement -
CORRECT ANSWER Cortex & Brainstem
Cerebellum 3 Functional Regions - CORRECT ANSWER -Lateral Part
-Intermediate Part
-Vermis and Flocculonodular lobe
Cerebellum - Lateral Part fxn - CORRECT ANSWER Motor Planning
Cerebellum - Intermediate Part fxn - CORRECT ANSWER Distal Limb Coordination
Vermis and Flocculonodular lobe fcn's (3) - CORRECT ANSWER Proximal Limb
Coordination, Balance and Vestibulo-occular reflexes.
***Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (4) - CORRECT ANSWER Don't Eat Greasy foods
-Dentate - input from lateral regions
-Emboliform - input from intermediate regions
-Globase - input from intermediate regions
,-Fastigal - input from medial (vermis) regions
***Input to cerebellar cortex (2) ...hint: fibers - CORRECT ANSWER -Mossy fibers
(excitatory)
-Climbing fibers (excitatory)
(Both synapse directly or indirectly onto Purkinje cells)
***Output from cerebellar cortex (name?) and (+ or -) - CORRECT ANSWER -
Purkinje axons (inhibitory)
***Lesions to the intermediate cerebellum would affect what? - CORRECT
ANSWER Extremity coordination (appendicular ataxia)
***Lesions to the medial cerebellum would affect what? (3) - CORRECT
ANSWER Trunk control, posture, balance, unsteady gait, and **eye movements
***All outputs of the cerebellum go through what structures? (hint: 2 different nuclei) -
CORRECT ANSWER Deep cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei
• Why do deficits in coordination occur ipsilateral to the lesion?
- Crossings? - CORRECT ANSWER • Pathways from the cerebellum to the lateral
motor systems and periphery are "doubled crossed"
(B) Output form intermediate cerebellar hemisphere via interposed nuclei
• 1st crossing- exits at superior cerebellar peduncle and crosses
• 2nd Crossing- pyramidal Decussation and ventral tegmental Decussation (then influence
musculature via corticospinal and Rubrospinal tracts, respectively)
What are the S/S of cerebellar disorders? (8) - CORRECT ANSWER -vertigo
-nausea & vomiting
-horizontal nystagmus
, -slurred speech
-Limb ataxia
-truncal ataxia
-unsteady gait
-HA on side of lesion
****Cerebellar Artery Infarcts / Most common Artery - CORRECT ANSWER **1).
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) -
**2). Superior cerebellar artery (SCA) - involves most of cerebellum, but spares lateral BS.
•Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) - suplies internal auditory artery
Ataxia - CORRECT ANSWER ("lack of order")- disordered contractions of agonist
and antagonist muscles and lack of normal coordination between movements at different
joints
Truncal Ataxia (results from?) ... looks like - CORRECT ANSWER -Results form
lesions of the vermis which affect the medial motor systems
-Wide-based, unsteady, "drunk-like" gait
Appendicular Ataxia - CORRECT ANSWER -Results from lesions of the intermediate
and lateral cerebellum which affect the lateral motor systems
CHAPTER 16 - BASAL GANGLIA - 7 QUESTIONS - CORRECT ANSWER
Caudate + Putamen = ? - CORRECT ANSWER Striatum
Putamen + Globus Pallidus = ? - CORRECT ANSWER Lenticular Nucleus
Parts of BG? (5) - CORRECT ANSWER -Cuadate
