LOPE Final Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? - Answers
Hypotheses usually are narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.
As a mechanism of evolution, natural selection can be most closely equated with - Answers unequal
reproductive success.
The presence of wings in birds and bats represents a(n) ________________ similarity and the presence
of the same bones in human and whale forelimbs represents a(n) ________________ similarity. -
Answers analogous; homologous
A phylogeny (= evolutionary tree) is a - Answers hypothesis of evolutionary relationships among species.
If statistical analyses of the results from two experiments, Exp. A & Exp. B, produced "p" values of 0.05
and 0.01, respectively, we can say that - Answers the results obtained from experiment B are less likely
due to chance than are the results obtained from experiment A.
If a paper published in a scientific journal stated that drinking coffee caused Parkinson's disease, this
statement would most accurately be described as a(n) _________. - Answers Hypothesis
In the studies of coffee and memory discussed, the independent variable was ____________ and the
dependent variable was ________________. - Answers caffeine; memory
A hypothesis is a statement that could be - Answers tested and found false.
In a scientific study evaluating the beneficial effects of caffeine on the elderly, what would be the best
subjects to test? - Answers Elderly men and women
An association between two factors, such as between caffeine use and rate of Parkinson's disease is -
Answers A correclation
Which is the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms? - Answers Composed of multiple
cells
The correct order of steps in the scientific method is which of the following? - Answers Observation,
study the scientific literature, formulate hypotheses, perform experiments or comparisons, draw
conclusions, publish
Which of the following, in the hierarchy of biological organization, is the smallest and least inclusive
category? - Answers Population
Within ecosystems - Answers Nutrients are recycled and energy flows through
Which of the following processes is the ultimate source of the genetic variation that serves as raw
material for evolution? - Answers Mutation
, Modern humans and chimpanzees shared a common ancestor - Answers ~6 mill years ago
Which is the correct order for the following US undergraduate majors based on increasing 2013
underemployment rate? - Answers Chemical engineering, mathematics, philosophy, criminal justice
Which of the following is NOT from the "What's so Special About Science?" article? - Answers "Indeed,
there is a single 'scientific method'."
From the "What's So Special About Science?" article, the theory of plate tectonics - Answers Was initially
rejected by most geologists
From the "Take nobody's word for it-..." article, the credibility of information [in science] derives from
_______ - Answers Evidence
From the "Take nobody's word for it-..." article, "Acknowledging uncertainties is vital, owning up to
mistakes deserves respect, and outright lies in the face of obvious facts mean the perpetrators must be
______ - Answers cast out, and never listened to again
The caffeine-memory scientific study presented in lecture, in which the study subjects were elderly men
and women, represents a - Answers prospective, controlled experiment
Which of the following have the proper relative chronological order regarding time of origin? - Answers
Prokaryotes, eukaryotes, multiceullular ekukaryotes
Prokaryotes have a collective body mass - Answers at least 10x greater than that of all eukaryotes
combined
The number of prokaryotic cells on and in each adult human is - Answers ~100 trillion
All of the prokaryotes living on and in us is called our - Answers mictrobiome
On average, a prokaryotic cell is ______ the size of eukaryotic cell. - Answers One tenth
Alexander Fleming discovered ______ in 1928 and won a Nobel Prize for the discovery in 1945 - Answers
Penicilin
Flowers evolved to ______ and generally lead to ______ - Answers Increase fertilization efficiency, cross-
fertilization
If a particular species of green plant produces an ovary, then this plan must be a(n) - Answers
angiosperm
The single lens, image forming eyes found in vertebrates and Octopus represent ______ similarity and
confirm that natural selection acts of a(n) _____ rather than a(n)______ - Answers Analogous, tinkerer,
optimal deisgner
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? - Answers
Hypotheses usually are narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.
As a mechanism of evolution, natural selection can be most closely equated with - Answers unequal
reproductive success.
The presence of wings in birds and bats represents a(n) ________________ similarity and the presence
of the same bones in human and whale forelimbs represents a(n) ________________ similarity. -
Answers analogous; homologous
A phylogeny (= evolutionary tree) is a - Answers hypothesis of evolutionary relationships among species.
If statistical analyses of the results from two experiments, Exp. A & Exp. B, produced "p" values of 0.05
and 0.01, respectively, we can say that - Answers the results obtained from experiment B are less likely
due to chance than are the results obtained from experiment A.
If a paper published in a scientific journal stated that drinking coffee caused Parkinson's disease, this
statement would most accurately be described as a(n) _________. - Answers Hypothesis
In the studies of coffee and memory discussed, the independent variable was ____________ and the
dependent variable was ________________. - Answers caffeine; memory
A hypothesis is a statement that could be - Answers tested and found false.
In a scientific study evaluating the beneficial effects of caffeine on the elderly, what would be the best
subjects to test? - Answers Elderly men and women
An association between two factors, such as between caffeine use and rate of Parkinson's disease is -
Answers A correclation
Which is the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms? - Answers Composed of multiple
cells
The correct order of steps in the scientific method is which of the following? - Answers Observation,
study the scientific literature, formulate hypotheses, perform experiments or comparisons, draw
conclusions, publish
Which of the following, in the hierarchy of biological organization, is the smallest and least inclusive
category? - Answers Population
Within ecosystems - Answers Nutrients are recycled and energy flows through
Which of the following processes is the ultimate source of the genetic variation that serves as raw
material for evolution? - Answers Mutation
, Modern humans and chimpanzees shared a common ancestor - Answers ~6 mill years ago
Which is the correct order for the following US undergraduate majors based on increasing 2013
underemployment rate? - Answers Chemical engineering, mathematics, philosophy, criminal justice
Which of the following is NOT from the "What's so Special About Science?" article? - Answers "Indeed,
there is a single 'scientific method'."
From the "What's So Special About Science?" article, the theory of plate tectonics - Answers Was initially
rejected by most geologists
From the "Take nobody's word for it-..." article, the credibility of information [in science] derives from
_______ - Answers Evidence
From the "Take nobody's word for it-..." article, "Acknowledging uncertainties is vital, owning up to
mistakes deserves respect, and outright lies in the face of obvious facts mean the perpetrators must be
______ - Answers cast out, and never listened to again
The caffeine-memory scientific study presented in lecture, in which the study subjects were elderly men
and women, represents a - Answers prospective, controlled experiment
Which of the following have the proper relative chronological order regarding time of origin? - Answers
Prokaryotes, eukaryotes, multiceullular ekukaryotes
Prokaryotes have a collective body mass - Answers at least 10x greater than that of all eukaryotes
combined
The number of prokaryotic cells on and in each adult human is - Answers ~100 trillion
All of the prokaryotes living on and in us is called our - Answers mictrobiome
On average, a prokaryotic cell is ______ the size of eukaryotic cell. - Answers One tenth
Alexander Fleming discovered ______ in 1928 and won a Nobel Prize for the discovery in 1945 - Answers
Penicilin
Flowers evolved to ______ and generally lead to ______ - Answers Increase fertilization efficiency, cross-
fertilization
If a particular species of green plant produces an ovary, then this plan must be a(n) - Answers
angiosperm
The single lens, image forming eyes found in vertebrates and Octopus represent ______ similarity and
confirm that natural selection acts of a(n) _____ rather than a(n)______ - Answers Analogous, tinkerer,
optimal deisgner
