Oxford Cambridge and RSA
End Term Exam
CCBC Nursing 153 End Term Exam – 100%
Verified Q&A for Success
Time allowed:
A+
* J 2 5 7 0 1 *
INSTRUCTIONS
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use the
lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be given
for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2025/26 [EXAM/T/YD]) 6895596/3
Turn over
,What factors effect individual aging? - ✔✔1. Genetics
2. Gender: women tend to live longer but this trend may change with women now prevalent in work place.
3. Occupation: nurses, police officers, night shift
4. Lifestyle/socioeconomic
5. Exercise/activity
6. Nutrition: high fiber, low Na, good fat vs bad fat
7. Obesity
8. Mental Health
At what age do most normal aging changes take place? - ✔✔30's to 40's
What are normal aging changes related to Perfusion? - ✔✔Decreased:
1. Cardiac Output
2. Vessel Elasticity
3. Lumen of vessels: the opening gets smaller from cholesterol and plaque build up
4. Cardiac stroke volume (amt of blood ejected from the heart with each pump decreases with certain diseases)
5. Peripheral Circulation (puts them @ risk for clots)
Increased systolic BP
Changes in heart valves (leads to heart murmurs)
What are normal aging changes related to Oxygenation? - ✔✔Decreased:
1. Cough reflex (puts them at greater risk for pneumonia related to aspiration)
2. Cilia (moisture being moved around the lungs is decreased)
3. Flexibility of lungs and chest (harder to take a deep breath)
4. # of alveoli (oxygen exchange decreases)
5. PO2 decreases (by up to 15%)
6. Lung capacity (can't take a deep breath)
7. Flexibility of the diaphragm
8. Gas exchange rate
, Increased:
1. Risk of infections (URI's, LRI's, pneumonia which can cause confusion in older patients)
What are normal aging changes related to the Immune System? - ✔✔Decreased:
1. T cell function
2. Thymus size
3. Thyroid hormone secretions (a lot of older patients are on a supplemental thyroid replacement)
4. Immune response
What would this mean?
An increased susceptibility to infections
What are normal aging changes related to Nutrition? - ✔✔Decreased:
1. Saliva (hinders the breakdown of food)
2. Gastric secretions
3. Pancreatic enzymes
4. Peristalsis and motility (leads to constipation)
5. Stomach size (atrophy: it shrinks)
6. Sense of taste
7. Gag reflex
8. Liver size and function (it filters things you don't need and breaks down things you do and that is decreased)
9. Gums (atrophy)
What are normal aging changes related to Elimination? - ✔✔Men: prostate enlarges! Results in a difficulty to begin
urinating
Decreased:
1. Nephrons
2. Renal blood flow
3. Filtration rate
4. Bladder tone and capacity
End Term Exam
CCBC Nursing 153 End Term Exam – 100%
Verified Q&A for Success
Time allowed:
A+
* J 2 5 7 0 1 *
INSTRUCTIONS
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use the
lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be given
for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2025/26 [EXAM/T/YD]) 6895596/3
Turn over
,What factors effect individual aging? - ✔✔1. Genetics
2. Gender: women tend to live longer but this trend may change with women now prevalent in work place.
3. Occupation: nurses, police officers, night shift
4. Lifestyle/socioeconomic
5. Exercise/activity
6. Nutrition: high fiber, low Na, good fat vs bad fat
7. Obesity
8. Mental Health
At what age do most normal aging changes take place? - ✔✔30's to 40's
What are normal aging changes related to Perfusion? - ✔✔Decreased:
1. Cardiac Output
2. Vessel Elasticity
3. Lumen of vessels: the opening gets smaller from cholesterol and plaque build up
4. Cardiac stroke volume (amt of blood ejected from the heart with each pump decreases with certain diseases)
5. Peripheral Circulation (puts them @ risk for clots)
Increased systolic BP
Changes in heart valves (leads to heart murmurs)
What are normal aging changes related to Oxygenation? - ✔✔Decreased:
1. Cough reflex (puts them at greater risk for pneumonia related to aspiration)
2. Cilia (moisture being moved around the lungs is decreased)
3. Flexibility of lungs and chest (harder to take a deep breath)
4. # of alveoli (oxygen exchange decreases)
5. PO2 decreases (by up to 15%)
6. Lung capacity (can't take a deep breath)
7. Flexibility of the diaphragm
8. Gas exchange rate
, Increased:
1. Risk of infections (URI's, LRI's, pneumonia which can cause confusion in older patients)
What are normal aging changes related to the Immune System? - ✔✔Decreased:
1. T cell function
2. Thymus size
3. Thyroid hormone secretions (a lot of older patients are on a supplemental thyroid replacement)
4. Immune response
What would this mean?
An increased susceptibility to infections
What are normal aging changes related to Nutrition? - ✔✔Decreased:
1. Saliva (hinders the breakdown of food)
2. Gastric secretions
3. Pancreatic enzymes
4. Peristalsis and motility (leads to constipation)
5. Stomach size (atrophy: it shrinks)
6. Sense of taste
7. Gag reflex
8. Liver size and function (it filters things you don't need and breaks down things you do and that is decreased)
9. Gums (atrophy)
What are normal aging changes related to Elimination? - ✔✔Men: prostate enlarges! Results in a difficulty to begin
urinating
Decreased:
1. Nephrons
2. Renal blood flow
3. Filtration rate
4. Bladder tone and capacity
