ARRT CI TEST PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔Organisms that normally live deep in the crevices and sweat glands of the skin and
can not be eliminated with an aseptic skin prep are called what? - ✔✔Resident flora
✔✔Effective sterilization by autoclave depends on adequate; - ✔✔Temperature and
Time
✔✔What is not true when using alcohol based hand rubs prior to go wing and gloving
for a heart cath? - ✔✔Rubs are less effective than traditional scrub brush methods
✔✔What should you do with a sterile table if the case is canceled? - ✔✔Tear it down
and start completely over for the next case
✔✔The fetal heart at 32 days of gestation is a cardiac tube with four primitive chambers.
The most superior primitive chamber is known as the _____ and it evolves into the
_____. - ✔✔Truncus Arteriosus and PA and AO
✔✔Another name for the foremen ovals is the - ✔✔Ostium secundum
✔✔How does blood pressure level normally change immediately after birth? -
✔✔Pulmonary pressure is cut by more than half
✔✔In normal fetal life the foramen ovale is situated to preferentially shunt oxygenated
blood from the what? - ✔✔IVC
✔✔Heparin blocks clot formation by interfering with the enzymatic conversion of -
✔✔Prothrombin to Thrombin
✔✔The expected blood volume of a 20kg child is? - ✔✔1.4L OR 8% of the body weight
✔✔What does a WBC count of 7000 usually indicate about an adult patient? -
✔✔Normal WBC range is 5-9 thousand
9,000 + = infection or inflammation
10,000+ = pathological condition
✔✔Injured endothelium tends to collect a "white clot" formed by? - ✔✔Platelets or
Thrombocytes
✔✔Following cardiac arrest a resuscitated patients arterial blood gases are
pH=7.48 PCO2=42 mmHg PO2=96mmHg HCO3=31mEq/L. The most probable acid
base diagnosis is? - ✔✔Pure metabolic alkalosis
,The pH is alkaline (up .08) and the bicarbonate is up 7. The CO2 is in the normal range
(38-42 mmHg)
✔✔What are normal arterial blood gas values? - ✔✔pH=7.40, PCO2=40 mmHg,
HCO2=24mEq/L, PO2=80-100 mmHg
✔✔The chief abnormality in metabolic alkalosis is a/an _____ in the arterial blood? -
✔✔Acute excess of bicarbonate
✔✔Which valve (or valves) open in ventricular diastole? - ✔✔A-V valves (mitral and
tricuspid)
✔✔Normal electrical conduction cannot proceed from atria to ventricle, except through
the AV node. What cardiac structure normally blocks A-V conduction in the A-V groove?
- ✔✔Fibrous rings
✔✔The branch of the conduction system feeding the moderator band is the? - ✔✔Right
Bundle Branch
✔✔The most anterior cardiac chamber is the? - ✔✔Right ventricle
✔✔What coronary artery normally supplies the interior wall of the LV? - ✔✔Right
Coronary Artery
✔✔Where is the SA node? - ✔✔Crista Terminalus
✔✔The outer layer of the LV (beneath the pericardial fluid) is termed the? -
✔✔Epicardium
✔✔Arterialized blood from the lungs returns to the heart through one of the - ✔✔4
pulmonary veins
✔✔Where do the bronchial veins normally empty? - ✔✔Pulmonary veins (PV)
✔✔A small flap of tissue at the junction of the IVC and the RA normally found in the
fetal heart is the what? - ✔✔Eustichian Valve
✔✔What are the names of the 3 2-D echo plains? - ✔✔Parasternal short-axis plain
(PSax)
Apical two-chamber view (A2C)
Apical four-chamber view (A4C)
, ✔✔With exercise PA O2 saturations _____ and the (AO-PA) arteriovenous difference
_____. - ✔✔Decreases and Widens
✔✔In a left dominant coronary system, which coronary artery branch usually still arises
from the RCA? - ✔✔Acute Marginal Branch
✔✔Left coronary blood flow occurs primarily during the _____ phase of the cardiac
cycle because _____. - ✔✔Diastolic and diastole releases compressed endocardia's
capillaries.
✔✔The lowest blood oxygen saturation in the heart is found in the _____ which is
usually around _____% O2 saturation. - ✔✔Coronary Sinus and 30-40%
✔✔The naturally occurring neurotransmitter liberated by the parasympathetic nerve
junction is? - ✔✔Acetylcholine
✔✔What is the primary effect of cavalier nerve stimulation on the heart? -
✔✔Decreases automatically
✔✔What is the effect of pressing on the neck at the junction of the internal and external
carotid arteries. (Carotid sinus massage) - ✔✔-Chronotropic or slowing of the heart rate.
✔✔Mild depression in ventilation (hypo ventilation) results in: - ✔✔+Chronotropic or
speeding up of the heart rate.
✔✔When increased blood pressure is sensed in the arteries, the baroreceptor reflex
causes: - ✔✔Decreases heart rate
✔✔What vessels in the vascular system create the greatest pressure drop? -
✔✔Systemic arterioles
✔✔The second heart sound is caused by closure of what two valves? - ✔✔Aortic and
Pulmonic
✔✔What phase of the cardiac cycle immediately follows closure of the AV valves and
precedes the opening of the semilunar valves in systole? - ✔✔Isometric contraction
✔✔Peripheral venous pressure is the same as _____ pressure. - ✔✔Right atrial
pressure
✔✔Starlings law of the heart states that "the force of cardiac contraction increases
with": - ✔✔Increased diastolic filling
ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔Organisms that normally live deep in the crevices and sweat glands of the skin and
can not be eliminated with an aseptic skin prep are called what? - ✔✔Resident flora
✔✔Effective sterilization by autoclave depends on adequate; - ✔✔Temperature and
Time
✔✔What is not true when using alcohol based hand rubs prior to go wing and gloving
for a heart cath? - ✔✔Rubs are less effective than traditional scrub brush methods
✔✔What should you do with a sterile table if the case is canceled? - ✔✔Tear it down
and start completely over for the next case
✔✔The fetal heart at 32 days of gestation is a cardiac tube with four primitive chambers.
The most superior primitive chamber is known as the _____ and it evolves into the
_____. - ✔✔Truncus Arteriosus and PA and AO
✔✔Another name for the foremen ovals is the - ✔✔Ostium secundum
✔✔How does blood pressure level normally change immediately after birth? -
✔✔Pulmonary pressure is cut by more than half
✔✔In normal fetal life the foramen ovale is situated to preferentially shunt oxygenated
blood from the what? - ✔✔IVC
✔✔Heparin blocks clot formation by interfering with the enzymatic conversion of -
✔✔Prothrombin to Thrombin
✔✔The expected blood volume of a 20kg child is? - ✔✔1.4L OR 8% of the body weight
✔✔What does a WBC count of 7000 usually indicate about an adult patient? -
✔✔Normal WBC range is 5-9 thousand
9,000 + = infection or inflammation
10,000+ = pathological condition
✔✔Injured endothelium tends to collect a "white clot" formed by? - ✔✔Platelets or
Thrombocytes
✔✔Following cardiac arrest a resuscitated patients arterial blood gases are
pH=7.48 PCO2=42 mmHg PO2=96mmHg HCO3=31mEq/L. The most probable acid
base diagnosis is? - ✔✔Pure metabolic alkalosis
,The pH is alkaline (up .08) and the bicarbonate is up 7. The CO2 is in the normal range
(38-42 mmHg)
✔✔What are normal arterial blood gas values? - ✔✔pH=7.40, PCO2=40 mmHg,
HCO2=24mEq/L, PO2=80-100 mmHg
✔✔The chief abnormality in metabolic alkalosis is a/an _____ in the arterial blood? -
✔✔Acute excess of bicarbonate
✔✔Which valve (or valves) open in ventricular diastole? - ✔✔A-V valves (mitral and
tricuspid)
✔✔Normal electrical conduction cannot proceed from atria to ventricle, except through
the AV node. What cardiac structure normally blocks A-V conduction in the A-V groove?
- ✔✔Fibrous rings
✔✔The branch of the conduction system feeding the moderator band is the? - ✔✔Right
Bundle Branch
✔✔The most anterior cardiac chamber is the? - ✔✔Right ventricle
✔✔What coronary artery normally supplies the interior wall of the LV? - ✔✔Right
Coronary Artery
✔✔Where is the SA node? - ✔✔Crista Terminalus
✔✔The outer layer of the LV (beneath the pericardial fluid) is termed the? -
✔✔Epicardium
✔✔Arterialized blood from the lungs returns to the heart through one of the - ✔✔4
pulmonary veins
✔✔Where do the bronchial veins normally empty? - ✔✔Pulmonary veins (PV)
✔✔A small flap of tissue at the junction of the IVC and the RA normally found in the
fetal heart is the what? - ✔✔Eustichian Valve
✔✔What are the names of the 3 2-D echo plains? - ✔✔Parasternal short-axis plain
(PSax)
Apical two-chamber view (A2C)
Apical four-chamber view (A4C)
, ✔✔With exercise PA O2 saturations _____ and the (AO-PA) arteriovenous difference
_____. - ✔✔Decreases and Widens
✔✔In a left dominant coronary system, which coronary artery branch usually still arises
from the RCA? - ✔✔Acute Marginal Branch
✔✔Left coronary blood flow occurs primarily during the _____ phase of the cardiac
cycle because _____. - ✔✔Diastolic and diastole releases compressed endocardia's
capillaries.
✔✔The lowest blood oxygen saturation in the heart is found in the _____ which is
usually around _____% O2 saturation. - ✔✔Coronary Sinus and 30-40%
✔✔The naturally occurring neurotransmitter liberated by the parasympathetic nerve
junction is? - ✔✔Acetylcholine
✔✔What is the primary effect of cavalier nerve stimulation on the heart? -
✔✔Decreases automatically
✔✔What is the effect of pressing on the neck at the junction of the internal and external
carotid arteries. (Carotid sinus massage) - ✔✔-Chronotropic or slowing of the heart rate.
✔✔Mild depression in ventilation (hypo ventilation) results in: - ✔✔+Chronotropic or
speeding up of the heart rate.
✔✔When increased blood pressure is sensed in the arteries, the baroreceptor reflex
causes: - ✔✔Decreases heart rate
✔✔What vessels in the vascular system create the greatest pressure drop? -
✔✔Systemic arterioles
✔✔The second heart sound is caused by closure of what two valves? - ✔✔Aortic and
Pulmonic
✔✔What phase of the cardiac cycle immediately follows closure of the AV valves and
precedes the opening of the semilunar valves in systole? - ✔✔Isometric contraction
✔✔Peripheral venous pressure is the same as _____ pressure. - ✔✔Right atrial
pressure
✔✔Starlings law of the heart states that "the force of cardiac contraction increases
with": - ✔✔Increased diastolic filling
