NBDHE Pharmacology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6z0rr
1. Clinical Testing: Phase I -small doses
-small number of healthy human volunteers
-determines human safety
2. Clinical Testing: Phase II -drug given to large number of healthy humans
-tests effectiveness
-adverse reactions noted
3. Clinical Testing: Phase III -drug given to large number of humans w/ the con-
dition
-tests safety and efficacy
-determines dosage
4. Clinical Testing: Phase IV -Post-marketing surveillance
-document toxicity
-drugs may be taken off market. if needed
5. Schedule I drug No accepted medical use
Ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana
6. Schedule II drug -opioid narcotics
-ADHD meds
-amphetamines
7. Schedule III drug Codeine mixtures (Tylenol 3)
8. Schedule IV -antianxiety meds
-sleeping meds
-tramadol (pain)
9. Schedule V codeine containing cough syrups
10. Potency
, NBDHE Pharmacology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6z0rr
amount of drug needed to produce therapeutic ef-
fect
more potent = less drug needed
11. Efficacy maximum intensity of effect produced by a drug
12. Half life time it takes for drug concentration to fall to 50% of
original blood level - related to duration
13. Therapeutic index measure of a drug's safety
LD50/TD50
14. Minimum inhibitory concentration the smallest concentration (highest dilution) of drug
(MIC) that visibly inhibits growth of microorganism
15. Synergism combination of two drugs causes an effect that is
greater than the sum of the individual effects of each
drug alone
16. Antagonism combination of two drugs causes an effect that is less
than either drug alone
17. Agonist drug produces an effect and has affinity for a receptor
on cell membrane
18. Antagonist Drug counteracts the action of an agonist
19. Metabolite
, NBDHE Pharmacology
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Transformed drug that is excreted from the body
-more ionized
-less lipid soluble
20. Most common location of metabo- Liver
lism
21. First pass effect The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed
from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches
systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
22. Half life first order kinetics constant percentage of drug is removed from body
per unit of time
-short half life = shorter duration of action
-long half life = longer duration of action
23. Half life zero order kinetics Constant amount of drug removed from body per unit
of time. (Alcohol and aspirin)
24. T or F: Drug can be excreted as a TRUE
metabolite or unchanged
25. Where is excretion most common? kidneys
26. T or F: lipid soluble drugs are excret- FALSE
ed in urine -must be metabolized by the liver into water soluble
form in order to be excreted in urine!
27. Major route of fluoride excretion urine
28. Fluoride is absorbed in the stomach
29. Enternal route of administration through the GI tract
, NBDHE Pharmacology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6z0rr
30. Parenteral route of administration -Bypasses the GI tract
-Types include:
> Intravascular (IV)
> Intramuscular (IM)
> Intradermal
> Subcutaneous
> Inhalation
> Sublingual
31. Therapeutic effect -predictable
-dose-related
-target organs
32. Side effect AKA adverse reaction
-expected response
-dose related
-non-target organs
33. Toxic reaction AKA overdose
-expected response
-dose related
-target organs
34. Allergic reaction -not predictable
-not dose related
35. Mild allergic reactions treated by antihistamines
steroids
36. Severe allergic reactions (anaphy- epinephrine injection
laxis) treated by
37. Type I allergic reaction
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6z0rr
1. Clinical Testing: Phase I -small doses
-small number of healthy human volunteers
-determines human safety
2. Clinical Testing: Phase II -drug given to large number of healthy humans
-tests effectiveness
-adverse reactions noted
3. Clinical Testing: Phase III -drug given to large number of humans w/ the con-
dition
-tests safety and efficacy
-determines dosage
4. Clinical Testing: Phase IV -Post-marketing surveillance
-document toxicity
-drugs may be taken off market. if needed
5. Schedule I drug No accepted medical use
Ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana
6. Schedule II drug -opioid narcotics
-ADHD meds
-amphetamines
7. Schedule III drug Codeine mixtures (Tylenol 3)
8. Schedule IV -antianxiety meds
-sleeping meds
-tramadol (pain)
9. Schedule V codeine containing cough syrups
10. Potency
, NBDHE Pharmacology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6z0rr
amount of drug needed to produce therapeutic ef-
fect
more potent = less drug needed
11. Efficacy maximum intensity of effect produced by a drug
12. Half life time it takes for drug concentration to fall to 50% of
original blood level - related to duration
13. Therapeutic index measure of a drug's safety
LD50/TD50
14. Minimum inhibitory concentration the smallest concentration (highest dilution) of drug
(MIC) that visibly inhibits growth of microorganism
15. Synergism combination of two drugs causes an effect that is
greater than the sum of the individual effects of each
drug alone
16. Antagonism combination of two drugs causes an effect that is less
than either drug alone
17. Agonist drug produces an effect and has affinity for a receptor
on cell membrane
18. Antagonist Drug counteracts the action of an agonist
19. Metabolite
, NBDHE Pharmacology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6z0rr
Transformed drug that is excreted from the body
-more ionized
-less lipid soluble
20. Most common location of metabo- Liver
lism
21. First pass effect The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed
from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches
systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
22. Half life first order kinetics constant percentage of drug is removed from body
per unit of time
-short half life = shorter duration of action
-long half life = longer duration of action
23. Half life zero order kinetics Constant amount of drug removed from body per unit
of time. (Alcohol and aspirin)
24. T or F: Drug can be excreted as a TRUE
metabolite or unchanged
25. Where is excretion most common? kidneys
26. T or F: lipid soluble drugs are excret- FALSE
ed in urine -must be metabolized by the liver into water soluble
form in order to be excreted in urine!
27. Major route of fluoride excretion urine
28. Fluoride is absorbed in the stomach
29. Enternal route of administration through the GI tract
, NBDHE Pharmacology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6z0rr
30. Parenteral route of administration -Bypasses the GI tract
-Types include:
> Intravascular (IV)
> Intramuscular (IM)
> Intradermal
> Subcutaneous
> Inhalation
> Sublingual
31. Therapeutic effect -predictable
-dose-related
-target organs
32. Side effect AKA adverse reaction
-expected response
-dose related
-non-target organs
33. Toxic reaction AKA overdose
-expected response
-dose related
-target organs
34. Allergic reaction -not predictable
-not dose related
35. Mild allergic reactions treated by antihistamines
steroids
36. Severe allergic reactions (anaphy- epinephrine injection
laxis) treated by
37. Type I allergic reaction
