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Which stage of cognitive development involves thinking logically about concrete events?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
✔✔ C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
What is the main focus of behaviorist learning theory?
A. Mental processes
B. Social interaction
✔✔ C. Observable behaviors and reinforcement
D. Self-actualization
Which term describes a student’s belief in their ability to succeed?
A. Self-esteem
B. Self-regulation
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,✔✔ C. Self-efficacy
D. Self-awareness
According to Piaget, children in the preoperational stage typically struggle with:
A. Symbolic thinking
✔✔ B. Conservation of quantity
C. Abstract reasoning
D. Hypothetical thinking
What does Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) refer to?
A. Skills mastered independently
✔✔ B. Skills learned with help from a more knowledgeable other
C. Tasks too difficult for the learner
D. Social norms in a classroom
Which type of motivation comes from within the learner?
A. Extrinsic motivation
✔✔ B. Intrinsic motivation
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,C. Punishment
D. Rewards
What is the best example of positive reinforcement in the classroom?
A. Taking away recess for bad behavior
B. Ignoring off-task behavior
✔✔ C. Praising a student for completing homework
D. Giving extra homework
Which theory suggests that individuals learn by observing others?
A. Classical conditioning
✔✔ B. Social learning theory
C. Operant conditioning
D. Cognitive development theory
What does metacognition mean?
A. Memorizing facts
✔✔ B. Thinking about one’s own thinking processes
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, C. Copying notes
D. Listening carefully
Which of the following best supports the development of executive functions in children?
A. Strict discipline
B. Large group lectures
✔✔ C. Activities requiring planning and problem-solving
D. Memorization drills
What is the primary purpose of formative assessment?
A. To assign final grades
B. To compare students nationally
✔✔ C. To guide ongoing instruction and feedback
D. To punish students
How can a teacher best support a student with anxiety?
A. Ignore the student’s feelings
✔✔ B. Provide a calm environment and encourage expression
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