BIO 2301 Lecture Exam 3 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
How do conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation regulate body temperature? Which
are involved in heat gain and which with heat loss? - CORRECT ANSWER -
*Conduction*: The loss or gain of heat by transfer of thermal energy during collisions between
adjacent molecules. Happens with direct contact with cooler or warmer substances. Involved
with heat loss/gain
**Radiation: The process by which the surfaces of all objects constantly emit heat in the form of
electromagnetic waves. Involved with heat loss/gain
*Convection*: The process whereby conductive heat loss or gain is aided by movement of air or
water NEXT to the body. Involved with heat loss/gain.
*Evaporation*: Occurs when water vaporizes from the skin and membranes lining the respiratory
tract. ONLY INVOLVED WITH HEAT LOSS.
Understand moderate and profound hypothermia and heat exhaustion/stroke. How do they differ?
- CORRECT ANSWER - With moderate hypothermia/heat exhaustion the hypothalamus
is still working. With profound hypothermia/heat stroke the hypothalamus is no longer working.
The key sign is for hypothermia there will be an absence of shivering and in heat stroke there
will be an absence of sweating.
What is BMI (body mass index) and what are the recommended ranges and what health
consequences result from an increased BMI. Why is BMI sometimes misleading? - CORRECT
ANSWER - BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. It can be
misleading because it doesn't take into account different body types/muscle mass/etc. The
recommended ranges are: 18.5-24.9. A higher BMI can lead to heart disease, stroke, diabetes,
joint problems, etc.
What is the nephron? Know the difference between the parts of the renal corpuscle and renal
tubule? - CORRECT ANSWER - The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
The renal corpuscle is the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. It consists of two
structures: a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule.
, The renal tubule helps with reabsorption and secretion. It consists of the proximal/distal
convoluted tubule and the loop of henle (descending/ascending).
What are glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption? Where does each
occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - *Glomerular filtration*: urine formation begins with the
filtration of plasma from the glomerular capillaries into the bowman's space.
*Tubular re-absorption*: when a substance moves from the tubule back into the peritubular
capillaries.
*Tubular secretion*: when substance moves from peritubular capillaries to the tubule.
How often does the kidney filter the blood? What is the average GFR? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The kidney filters the blood approximately 60 times per day
The avg GFR=125mL/min
What can increase/decrease GFR (think afferent arterioles)? - CORRECT ANSWER - In a
sympathetic episode, the afferent arterioles vasoconstricts, which helps to shunt or divert blood
to heart and muscles. --> Urine formation decreases. This increases GFR due to high
bp/osmolarity
During parasympathetic regulation, the afferent arterioles will vasodilate which will reroute
blood back to the rest of the body, which will increase urine formation. This decreases GFR due
to low BP/osmolarity.
Water, Sodium, Glucose and Urea... which do we reabsorb in large amounts and which do we
excrete... - CORRECT ANSWER - Glucose is reabsorbed 100%
Water is reabsorbed 99% after filtration
Sodium is reabsorbed approx 99.5%
Urea is mostly excreted- approx 44% reabsorbed
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
How do conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation regulate body temperature? Which
are involved in heat gain and which with heat loss? - CORRECT ANSWER -
*Conduction*: The loss or gain of heat by transfer of thermal energy during collisions between
adjacent molecules. Happens with direct contact with cooler or warmer substances. Involved
with heat loss/gain
**Radiation: The process by which the surfaces of all objects constantly emit heat in the form of
electromagnetic waves. Involved with heat loss/gain
*Convection*: The process whereby conductive heat loss or gain is aided by movement of air or
water NEXT to the body. Involved with heat loss/gain.
*Evaporation*: Occurs when water vaporizes from the skin and membranes lining the respiratory
tract. ONLY INVOLVED WITH HEAT LOSS.
Understand moderate and profound hypothermia and heat exhaustion/stroke. How do they differ?
- CORRECT ANSWER - With moderate hypothermia/heat exhaustion the hypothalamus
is still working. With profound hypothermia/heat stroke the hypothalamus is no longer working.
The key sign is for hypothermia there will be an absence of shivering and in heat stroke there
will be an absence of sweating.
What is BMI (body mass index) and what are the recommended ranges and what health
consequences result from an increased BMI. Why is BMI sometimes misleading? - CORRECT
ANSWER - BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. It can be
misleading because it doesn't take into account different body types/muscle mass/etc. The
recommended ranges are: 18.5-24.9. A higher BMI can lead to heart disease, stroke, diabetes,
joint problems, etc.
What is the nephron? Know the difference between the parts of the renal corpuscle and renal
tubule? - CORRECT ANSWER - The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
The renal corpuscle is the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. It consists of two
structures: a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule.
, The renal tubule helps with reabsorption and secretion. It consists of the proximal/distal
convoluted tubule and the loop of henle (descending/ascending).
What are glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption? Where does each
occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - *Glomerular filtration*: urine formation begins with the
filtration of plasma from the glomerular capillaries into the bowman's space.
*Tubular re-absorption*: when a substance moves from the tubule back into the peritubular
capillaries.
*Tubular secretion*: when substance moves from peritubular capillaries to the tubule.
How often does the kidney filter the blood? What is the average GFR? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The kidney filters the blood approximately 60 times per day
The avg GFR=125mL/min
What can increase/decrease GFR (think afferent arterioles)? - CORRECT ANSWER - In a
sympathetic episode, the afferent arterioles vasoconstricts, which helps to shunt or divert blood
to heart and muscles. --> Urine formation decreases. This increases GFR due to high
bp/osmolarity
During parasympathetic regulation, the afferent arterioles will vasodilate which will reroute
blood back to the rest of the body, which will increase urine formation. This decreases GFR due
to low BP/osmolarity.
Water, Sodium, Glucose and Urea... which do we reabsorb in large amounts and which do we
excrete... - CORRECT ANSWER - Glucose is reabsorbed 100%
Water is reabsorbed 99% after filtration
Sodium is reabsorbed approx 99.5%
Urea is mostly excreted- approx 44% reabsorbed
