Clinical Medicine for Optometry – Latest Exam Practice with Fully Solved Questions

Clinical Medicine for Optometry – Latest Exam Practice with Fully Solved Questions Amiodarone is known to cause ________ on the cornea. Send your patient to the cardiologist to change medications if you see this. - answerswhorl keratopathy Plaquenil is a common medication prescribed to patients with _______ and _______, two types of autoimmune diseases. - answerslupus rheumatoid arthritis The first thing our professor thinks of when the patient has a red eye is _______ A. uveitis B. herpes C. glaucomatocyclic crisis D. corneal abrasion - answersD. corneal abrasion The Gold Standard to questioning the chief complaint is a(n) _______ A. closed ended question B. open ended question - answersB. open ended question **example of open ended question: why specifically did you come to see me today? **example of a closed ended question: are you experiencing blurry vision today? How the patient describes what he/she is feeling A. sign B. symptom - answersB. symptom What the examiner observes about the patient A. sign B. symptom - answersA. sign PQRST is a mnemonic that stands for: P = ______ Q = ______ R = ______ S = ______ T = ______ - answersP = provocation or palliation Q = quality of the pain R = region or radiation S = severity T = time/onset Any noxious or unintended reaction to a drug A. adverse reaction B. allergic reaction - answersA. adverse reaction An immunologically mediated reaction that exhibits specificity and recurrence on re-exposure to the offending drug. A. adverse reaction B. allergic reaction - answersB. allergic reaction Vitamin E ______ the blood and vitamin K _____ the blood A. thins; thickens B. thickens; thins - answersA. thins; thickens Niacin may ______ cholesterol A. lower B. increase - answersA. lower Birth control may ________ A. help dry eyes B. cause dry eyes - answersB. cause dry eyes Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) is Rx as ______ mg - answers200 **we don't Rx Aralen (chloroquine) in the US because of a higher dose, 250mg, and thus toxicity. How do we calculate the tobacco pack year? - answerspack year = pack per day x number of years What is considered one glass of beer in ounces? What is considered a glass of wine in ounces? What is considered a shot of liquor in ounces? - answers12 ounces 5 ounces 1.5 ounces A woman may have an alcohol abuse problem if she drinks more than _____ drinks at once or more than ______ drinks a week. A man may have an alcohol abuse problem if he drinks more than _____ drinks at once or more than ______ drinks a week. - answers3; 7 4; 14 The CAGE questionnaire is used to determine the association with alcohol addiction. List the mnemonic. C = _____ A = _____ G = _____ E = _____ - answersC = have you felt you should CUT down your drinking? A = have people ANNOYED you by criticizing your drinking? G = have you ever felt bad or GUILTY about your drinking? E = have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover (eye opener)? ___#___ or more positive responses on the CAGE questionnaire are strongly associated with alcohol addiction. - answers2 **C = have you felt you should CUT down your drinking? **A = have people ANNOYED you by criticizing your drinking? **G = have you ever felt bad or GUILTY about your drinking? **E = have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover (eye opener)? Alcohol tends to cause ______ A. dry eyes B. optic neuropathy C. slow pupil reactions D. decreased visual performance E. all of the above - answersE. all of the above List 4 medications on the presentation that may cause talc retinopathy. - answers1. Cocaine 2. Heroin 3. Ritalin 4. OxyContin **page 6 Which is the most effective disinfection method? A. hand sanitizer B. washing hands - answersB. washing hands **with soap and water What does the physical exam basic procedures IPPA stand for? I = ________ P = ________ P = ________ A = ________ - answersI = inspection P = palpation P = percussion A = auscultation Inspection/Observation should start ______ A. as soon as you meet the patient B. when the patient is in the exam room C. when the patient is leaving the clinic D. never inspect observe a patient - answersA. as soon as you meet the patient **notice any signs of asymmetry, head tilts, postures, alertness, etc The use of the TACTILE sense to determine the characteristics of an organ A. inspection B. palpation C. percussion D. auscultation - answersB. palpation **assess irregularities, enlargement, hardness, and heat _______ is used to determine the SOUND produced when a sharp blow is struck to an area being examined. A. inspection B. palpation C. percussion D. auscultation - answersC. percussion Hollow areas produce ______ during percussion A. dull sound B. pain C. resonant sound - answersC. resonant sound Solid areas produce ______ during percussion A. dull sound B. pain C. resonant sound - answersA. dull sound Inflamed structures elicit ______ during percussion A. dull sound B. pain C. resonant sound - answersB. pain Use the transilluminator to assess the sinuses. If the sinuses are clear, you will notice the light passing through the maxillary sinuses when the patient opens his/her mouth. A. true B. false - answersA. true Use the BELL of the stethoscope to assess _______ pitched sounds A. low B. high - answersA. low Use the DIAPHRAGM of the stethoscope to assess _______ pitched sounds A. low B. high - answersB. high To listen to the heart, use the ______ of the stethoscope A. bell B. diaphragm - answersB. diaphragm To listen to the carotid arteries, use the ______ of the stethoscope A. bell B. diaphragm - answersA. bell Bruit sounds may be heard with the ______ of the stethoscope A. bell B. diaphragm - answersA. bell **use it for carotid artery examination What are the 6 vital signs? - answers1. temperature 2. pulse 3. blood pressure 4. respiratory rate 5. weight 6. height **weight and height are used together to calculate BMI Tachycardia is defined as a pulse GREATER than ______ beats per minute Bradycardia is defined as a pulse LESS than ______ beats per minute - answers100 60 **normal pulse is therefore 60-100 What is pre-hypertension? What is stage 1 hypertension? What is stage 2 hypertension? - answers120-139 mmHg/80-89 mmHg 140-159 mmHg/90-99 mmHg 160 or greater mmHg/100 or greater mmHg What is the normal respiration rate? - answers2 - 16 breaths per minute **Count respiration with your hand on pulse. This way, the patient thinks you are taking pulse and does not alter the breathing cycles Breathing more than ______ times per minute can suggest heart or lung problems - answers20 **Count respiration with your hand on pulse. This way, the patient thinks you are taking pulse and does not alter the breathing cycles If a patient has breathing problems (dyspnea), avoid ______ A. alpha agonists B. beta blockers C. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors D. prostaglandins - answersB. beta blockers What is the normal BMI? What is considered obese on BMI? - answers18.50 - 24.99 30 or greater What is considered overweight, but not obese, BMI? - answers25 or greater but less than 30 What does HEENT stand for? - answersH = head E = ear E = eye N = nose T - throat The right lung has _____ lobes while the left lung has ______ lobes - answers3 2 What are the four valves that should be examined on the heart? - answerstricuspid valve mitral valve pulmonary valve aortic valve Auscultate the TRICUSPID valve on the _______ intercostal space. - answers4th Auscultate the MITRAL valve on the _______ intercostal space along the MID-CLAVICULAR LINE - answers5th Auscultate the PULMONARY valve on the _______ intercostal space of the ________ side of the sternum. - answers2nd left Auscultate the AORTIC valve on the _______ intercostal space of the ________ side of the sternum. - answers2nd right Palpate the abdomen in 4 quadrants. Palpate and percuss the liver and spleen. The normal liver span is _____ to _____ centimeters in the right mid-clavicular line - answers6 - 10