jl
,NeonatalRandRPediatricRRespiratoryRCare,R6thREdition, BrianRK.RWalshRTestRBank
jl
TableRofRContents
ChapterR1.RFetalRLungRDevelopment
ChapterR2.RFetalRGasRExchangeRand Circulation
jl
ChapterR3.RAntenatalRAssessment andRHigh-RiskRDelivery
jl
ChapterR4.RExaminationRandRAssessmentRofRtheRNeonatalRandRPediatricRPatient
ChapterR5.RPulmonaryRFunctionRTestingRandRBedsideRPulmonaryRMechanics
ChapterR6.RRadiographicRAssessment
ChapterR7.RPediatricRFlexibleRBronchoscopy
ChapterR8.RInvasiveRBloodRGasRAnalysisRandRCardiovascularRMonitoring
ChapterR9.RNoninvasiveRMonitoringinRNeonatalRand PediatricRCare
jl
ChapterR10.ROxygenRAdministration
ChapterR11.RAerosolsRandRAdministrationRofRInhaledRMedications
ChapterR12.RAirwayClearanceRTechniquesRandRHyperinflationRTherapy
ChapterR13.RAirwayRManagement
ChapterR14.RSurfactant ReplacementRTherapy
jl
ChapterR15.RNoninvasiveRMechanicalRVentilationRandRContinuousRPositiveRPressureRofRtheRNeonate
ChapterR16.RNoninvasiveRMechanicalRVentilationRofRtheRInfantRandRChild
ChapterR17.RInvasiveRMechanicalRVentilationRoftheRNeonateRandRPediatricRPatient
ChapterR18.RAdministrationRofRGasRMixtures
ChapterR19.RExtracorporealRMembraneROxygenation
ChapterR20.RPharmacology
ChapterR21.RThoracicROrganRTransplantation
ChapterR22.RNeonatalRPulmonaryRDisorders
ChapterR23.RSurgicalRDisordersRinRChildhoodRthatRAffectRRespiratoryRCare
ChapterR24.RCongenitalRCardiacRDefects
ChapterR25.RPediatricRSleep-DisorderedRBreathing
ChapterR26.RPediatricRAirwayRDisordersRandRParenchymalRLungRDiseases
ChapterR27.RAsthma
ChapterR28.RCysticRFibrosis
ChapterR29.RAcuteRRespiratoryRDistressRSyndrome
ChapterR30.RShock
ChapterR31.RPediatricRTrauma
ChapterR32.RDisordersRofRtheRPleura
ChapterR33.RNeurologicalRandRNeuromuscularRDisorders
ChapterR34.RPediatricREmergencies
ChapterR35.RHomeRCareRofRtheRPostpartumRFamily
ChapterR36.RQualityandRSafety
,ChapterR1:RFetalRLungRDevelopment
Walsh:RNeonatalR&RPediatricRRespiratoryRCareR5thREditionRTestRBankR(2020)
MULTIPLERCHOICE
1. Which ofRtheRfollowingphasesRofRhumanRlungdevelopment is characterizedRbytheRformationRo
jl jl jl
fRaRcapillaryRnetworkRaroundRairwayRpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:R D
TheRcanalicularRphaseRfollowsRtheRpseudoglandularRphase,RlastingRfrom approximatelyR17Rweejl
kRstoR26Rweeks ofRgestation.RThisRphaseis soRnamed becauseRoftheRappearanceRofRvascularRchann
jl jl jl
els
,RorRcapillaries,RwhichRbeginRtoRgrowRbyRformingRaRcapillaryRnetwork aroundRtheRairRpassages.RD
jl
uRringRtheRpseudoglandularRstage,RwhichRbeginsRatRdayR52RandRextendsRtoRweekR16RofRgestation,R
theRairwayRsystemRsubdividesRextensivelyRandRtheRconductingRairwayRsystemRdevelops,Rending jl
withRtheRterminalRbronchioles.RTheRsaccularRstageRofRdevelopment,RwhichRtakesRplaceRfromRwe
eksR29RtoR36RofRgestation,RisRcharacterizedRbytheRdevelopmentRofRsacs that laterRbecomeRalveoli.R
jl jl
DuringRtRheRsaccularRphase,Ra tremendousRincreaseRinRtheRpotentialRgas-
jl
exchangingRsurfaceRareaRoccurs.RThe distinction betweenRtheRsaccularRstageRandRtheRalveolarRst
jl jl
aRgeRisRarbitrary.RTheRalveolarRstageRstretchesRfromR39RweeksRofRgestationRtoRterm.RThisRstageRisR
repRresentedRbyRtheRestablishmentRofRalveoli.
REF:Rpp.R 3-5
2. Regarding postnatalRlungRgrowth,RbyapproximatelywhatRageRdoRmostRofRthealveoliRthat willRb
jl jl
eRpresentRinRtheRlungsRforRlifeRdevelop?
a. 6Rmonths
b. 1Ryear
c. 1.5Ryears
d. 2Ryears
ANS:R C
MostRofRtheRpostnatalRformationRofRalveoliRinRtheRinfantRoccursRoverRtheRfirstR1.5RyearsRofRlife.R
AtR2RyearsRofRage,RtheRnumberofalveoliRvariesRsubstantiallyamong individuals.AfterR2RyearsRofR
jl
age,Rmales haveRmoreRalveoliRthanRdoRfemales.RAfterRalveolarRmultiplicationRends,RtheRalveoliR
jl
continRueRtoRincreaseRin sizeRuntilRthoracicRgrowthRisRcompleted.
jl
REF:Rp.R6
3. TherespiratorytherapistRisRevaluatingaRnewbornRwithRmildRrespiratorydistressRdueRto trachealRst jl
eRnosis.RDuring whichRperiodRofRlungRdevelopmentRdid thisRproblemRdevelop?
jl jl
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:R A
TheRinitialRstructuresRofRtheRpulmonaryRtreeRdevelopRduringRtheRembryonalRstage.RErrorsRinRdeve
lRopmentRduringRthisRtimeRmayRresultRinRlaryngeal,Rtracheal,RorResophagealRatresiaRorRstenosis.P
ulRmonaryhypoplasia,RanRincompletedevelopmentRofthelungsRcharacterizedRbyanRabnormallyRl
owRnumberRand/orRsizeRofRbronchopulmonaryRsegmentsRand/orRalveoli,RcanRdevelop duringRtheR jl
pseuRdoglandularRphase.RIfRtheRfetusRisRborn duringRtheRcanalicularRphaseR(i.e.,Rprematurely),Rse
jl
vereRreRspiratoryRdistressRcanRbeRexpectedRbecauseRtheRinadequatelyRdevelopedRairways,RalongR
withRinsuRfficientRandRimmatureRsurfactant productionRbyRalveolarRtypeRIIRcells,RgivesRriseRtoRthe
jl
RconstellatiRonRofRproblemsRknownRasRinfantRrespiratoryRdistressRsyndrome.
REF: p.R6
4. Which ofRtheRfollowing mechanisms isR(are)RresponsibleRforthepossibleRassociationRbetween ol
jl jl jl jl
iRgohydramniosRandRlungRhypoplasia?
I. AbnormalcarbohydrateRmetabolism
II. Mechanicalrestriction ofRthechestRwall jl
III. InterferencewithRfetalRbreathing
IV. FailuretoRproduceRfetalRlungliquid
a. IandR III onlyjl
b. IIRandR IIIRonly
c. I,RII,RandRIVonly
d. II,RIII,RandRIVonly
ANS:R D
Oligohydramnios,RaRreducedRquantityofRamnioticRfluidRpresent forRanRextendedRperiod ofRtime,Rw
jl jl
iRthRorRwithoutRrenalRanomalies,RisRassociatedRwithRlungRhypoplasia.RTheRmechanismsRbyRwhichRa
mRnioticfluid volumeinfluences lungRgrowthremainRunclear.RPossible explanationsRforRreducedR q
jl jl jl
uaRntityRofRamnioticRfluidRinclude mechanicalRrestrictionRofRtheRchestRwall,RinterferenceRwithRfet
jl
alRbrReathing,RorRfailureRtoRproduceRfetalRlungRliquid.RTheseRclinicalRandRexperimentalRobservatio
nsRposRsiblyRpointRtoRaRcommonRdenominator,Rlung stretch,RasRbeingRaRmajorRgrowthRstimulant.
jl
REF:Rpp.R6-7
5. WhatRisRtheRpurposeRofRthesubstanceRsecretedRbythetypeR II pneumocyte? jl
a. To increase theR gas exchangeRsurfacearea
jl jl jl
b. To reduceRsurfacetension
jl
c. To maintainRlung elasticity
jl jl
d. To preserveRthevolumeRofRtheRamniotic fluid
jl jl
,NeonatalRandRPediatricRRespiratoryRCare,R6thREdition, BrianRK.RWalshRTestRBank
jl
TableRofRContents
ChapterR1.RFetalRLungRDevelopment
ChapterR2.RFetalRGasRExchangeRand Circulation
jl
ChapterR3.RAntenatalRAssessment andRHigh-RiskRDelivery
jl
ChapterR4.RExaminationRandRAssessmentRofRtheRNeonatalRandRPediatricRPatient
ChapterR5.RPulmonaryRFunctionRTestingRandRBedsideRPulmonaryRMechanics
ChapterR6.RRadiographicRAssessment
ChapterR7.RPediatricRFlexibleRBronchoscopy
ChapterR8.RInvasiveRBloodRGasRAnalysisRandRCardiovascularRMonitoring
ChapterR9.RNoninvasiveRMonitoringinRNeonatalRand PediatricRCare
jl
ChapterR10.ROxygenRAdministration
ChapterR11.RAerosolsRandRAdministrationRofRInhaledRMedications
ChapterR12.RAirwayClearanceRTechniquesRandRHyperinflationRTherapy
ChapterR13.RAirwayRManagement
ChapterR14.RSurfactant ReplacementRTherapy
jl
ChapterR15.RNoninvasiveRMechanicalRVentilationRandRContinuousRPositiveRPressureRofRtheRNeonate
ChapterR16.RNoninvasiveRMechanicalRVentilationRofRtheRInfantRandRChild
ChapterR17.RInvasiveRMechanicalRVentilationRoftheRNeonateRandRPediatricRPatient
ChapterR18.RAdministrationRofRGasRMixtures
ChapterR19.RExtracorporealRMembraneROxygenation
ChapterR20.RPharmacology
ChapterR21.RThoracicROrganRTransplantation
ChapterR22.RNeonatalRPulmonaryRDisorders
ChapterR23.RSurgicalRDisordersRinRChildhoodRthatRAffectRRespiratoryRCare
ChapterR24.RCongenitalRCardiacRDefects
ChapterR25.RPediatricRSleep-DisorderedRBreathing
ChapterR26.RPediatricRAirwayRDisordersRandRParenchymalRLungRDiseases
ChapterR27.RAsthma
ChapterR28.RCysticRFibrosis
ChapterR29.RAcuteRRespiratoryRDistressRSyndrome
ChapterR30.RShock
ChapterR31.RPediatricRTrauma
ChapterR32.RDisordersRofRtheRPleura
ChapterR33.RNeurologicalRandRNeuromuscularRDisorders
ChapterR34.RPediatricREmergencies
ChapterR35.RHomeRCareRofRtheRPostpartumRFamily
ChapterR36.RQualityandRSafety
,ChapterR1:RFetalRLungRDevelopment
Walsh:RNeonatalR&RPediatricRRespiratoryRCareR5thREditionRTestRBankR(2020)
MULTIPLERCHOICE
1. Which ofRtheRfollowingphasesRofRhumanRlungdevelopment is characterizedRbytheRformationRo
jl jl jl
fRaRcapillaryRnetworkRaroundRairwayRpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:R D
TheRcanalicularRphaseRfollowsRtheRpseudoglandularRphase,RlastingRfrom approximatelyR17Rweejl
kRstoR26Rweeks ofRgestation.RThisRphaseis soRnamed becauseRoftheRappearanceRofRvascularRchann
jl jl jl
els
,RorRcapillaries,RwhichRbeginRtoRgrowRbyRformingRaRcapillaryRnetwork aroundRtheRairRpassages.RD
jl
uRringRtheRpseudoglandularRstage,RwhichRbeginsRatRdayR52RandRextendsRtoRweekR16RofRgestation,R
theRairwayRsystemRsubdividesRextensivelyRandRtheRconductingRairwayRsystemRdevelops,Rending jl
withRtheRterminalRbronchioles.RTheRsaccularRstageRofRdevelopment,RwhichRtakesRplaceRfromRwe
eksR29RtoR36RofRgestation,RisRcharacterizedRbytheRdevelopmentRofRsacs that laterRbecomeRalveoli.R
jl jl
DuringRtRheRsaccularRphase,Ra tremendousRincreaseRinRtheRpotentialRgas-
jl
exchangingRsurfaceRareaRoccurs.RThe distinction betweenRtheRsaccularRstageRandRtheRalveolarRst
jl jl
aRgeRisRarbitrary.RTheRalveolarRstageRstretchesRfromR39RweeksRofRgestationRtoRterm.RThisRstageRisR
repRresentedRbyRtheRestablishmentRofRalveoli.
REF:Rpp.R 3-5
2. Regarding postnatalRlungRgrowth,RbyapproximatelywhatRageRdoRmostRofRthealveoliRthat willRb
jl jl
eRpresentRinRtheRlungsRforRlifeRdevelop?
a. 6Rmonths
b. 1Ryear
c. 1.5Ryears
d. 2Ryears
ANS:R C
MostRofRtheRpostnatalRformationRofRalveoliRinRtheRinfantRoccursRoverRtheRfirstR1.5RyearsRofRlife.R
AtR2RyearsRofRage,RtheRnumberofalveoliRvariesRsubstantiallyamong individuals.AfterR2RyearsRofR
jl
age,Rmales haveRmoreRalveoliRthanRdoRfemales.RAfterRalveolarRmultiplicationRends,RtheRalveoliR
jl
continRueRtoRincreaseRin sizeRuntilRthoracicRgrowthRisRcompleted.
jl
REF:Rp.R6
3. TherespiratorytherapistRisRevaluatingaRnewbornRwithRmildRrespiratorydistressRdueRto trachealRst jl
eRnosis.RDuring whichRperiodRofRlungRdevelopmentRdid thisRproblemRdevelop?
jl jl
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:R A
TheRinitialRstructuresRofRtheRpulmonaryRtreeRdevelopRduringRtheRembryonalRstage.RErrorsRinRdeve
lRopmentRduringRthisRtimeRmayRresultRinRlaryngeal,Rtracheal,RorResophagealRatresiaRorRstenosis.P
ulRmonaryhypoplasia,RanRincompletedevelopmentRofthelungsRcharacterizedRbyanRabnormallyRl
owRnumberRand/orRsizeRofRbronchopulmonaryRsegmentsRand/orRalveoli,RcanRdevelop duringRtheR jl
pseuRdoglandularRphase.RIfRtheRfetusRisRborn duringRtheRcanalicularRphaseR(i.e.,Rprematurely),Rse
jl
vereRreRspiratoryRdistressRcanRbeRexpectedRbecauseRtheRinadequatelyRdevelopedRairways,RalongR
withRinsuRfficientRandRimmatureRsurfactant productionRbyRalveolarRtypeRIIRcells,RgivesRriseRtoRthe
jl
RconstellatiRonRofRproblemsRknownRasRinfantRrespiratoryRdistressRsyndrome.
REF: p.R6
4. Which ofRtheRfollowing mechanisms isR(are)RresponsibleRforthepossibleRassociationRbetween ol
jl jl jl jl
iRgohydramniosRandRlungRhypoplasia?
I. AbnormalcarbohydrateRmetabolism
II. Mechanicalrestriction ofRthechestRwall jl
III. InterferencewithRfetalRbreathing
IV. FailuretoRproduceRfetalRlungliquid
a. IandR III onlyjl
b. IIRandR IIIRonly
c. I,RII,RandRIVonly
d. II,RIII,RandRIVonly
ANS:R D
Oligohydramnios,RaRreducedRquantityofRamnioticRfluidRpresent forRanRextendedRperiod ofRtime,Rw
jl jl
iRthRorRwithoutRrenalRanomalies,RisRassociatedRwithRlungRhypoplasia.RTheRmechanismsRbyRwhichRa
mRnioticfluid volumeinfluences lungRgrowthremainRunclear.RPossible explanationsRforRreducedR q
jl jl jl
uaRntityRofRamnioticRfluidRinclude mechanicalRrestrictionRofRtheRchestRwall,RinterferenceRwithRfet
jl
alRbrReathing,RorRfailureRtoRproduceRfetalRlungRliquid.RTheseRclinicalRandRexperimentalRobservatio
nsRposRsiblyRpointRtoRaRcommonRdenominator,Rlung stretch,RasRbeingRaRmajorRgrowthRstimulant.
jl
REF:Rpp.R6-7
5. WhatRisRtheRpurposeRofRthesubstanceRsecretedRbythetypeR II pneumocyte? jl
a. To increase theR gas exchangeRsurfacearea
jl jl jl
b. To reduceRsurfacetension
jl
c. To maintainRlung elasticity
jl jl
d. To preserveRthevolumeRofRtheRamniotic fluid
jl jl
