NSPN 7200 FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔Low-lying placenta - ✔✔-If the edge of the placenta is measured by transvaginal
ultrasound to be < 2cm from the cervical os, it is classified as a low-lying placenta
-If its within 1 cm of the os then you need a c/s, but 1-2 they can TOL
✔✔Signs and Symptoms of Placenta Previa - ✔✔bright red vaginal bleeding, painless
bleeding, uterus is soft, malpresentation
✔✔Vasa Previa - ✔✔Presence of fetal (not placental) blood vessels that cross the
internal cervical os; if the vessels rupture, the fetus can quickly bleed to death
✔✔IUGR infants are at risk of - ✔✔perinatal asphyxia
hypoglycemia
polycythemia (jaundice)
heat loss and temperature instability
meconium aspiration
✔✔What is a succenturiate placenta? - ✔✔placenta has divided into two or more lobes
✔✔Glucose and insulin -> which is transported across the placenta? - ✔✔Glucose
✔✔When does the fetus produce its own insulin? - ✔✔10 weeks gestation
✔✔what stimulates the maternal pancreas to produce increased insulin in the first
trimester? what does this do? - ✔✔rising levels of estrogen and progesterone
this improves glucose utilization leading to lower fasting blood glucose levels
✔✔Complications of pre-gestational diabetes include - ✔✔fetal congenital
malformations (related to poor glycemic control early in pregnancy)
hypertension
preterm delivery
LGA babies
caesarean delivery
neonatal morbidities
perinatal mortality
✔✔The list of complications for overweight and obese women during pregnancy -
✔✔gestational diabetes
hypertension
infections
preterm delivery
elevated risk of instrumental or operative birth
, blood clots
stillbirth
fetal distress
macrosomia
neonatal death
congenital anomalies
✔✔When should GDM screening occur? - ✔✔Between 24-28 weeks gestation
✔✔When are diabetic women offered inductions - ✔✔between 38-39 weeks because
they're higher risk of stillbirths, macrosomia
Waiting until at least 38 weeks helps ensure adequate fetal lung development despite
high blood sugar levels affecting organ maturation
✔✔Nursing challenges when caring for an overweight/obese woman - ✔✔Difficulty
visualizing fetus during ultrasounds
Difficulty performing Leopold's
Palpating contractions + FHR
Inserting epidural
✔✔Fetal Monitoring for Diabetes - ✔✔Symphysis Fundal Height (SFH): Measured at
each prenatal visit to monitor fetal growth.
Ultrasound: Increased frequency may be required for continuous assessment.
Non-Stress Tests (NSTs): Recommended weekly starting at 32 weeks for women with
insulin-dependent pre-gestational diabetes and certain cases of GDM (e.g., those with
hypertension, a history of stillbirth, or insulin dependence).
Daily Fetal Movement Counts: Advised starting at 26 weeks for women with pre-
gestational diabetes, insulin-dependent GDM, or additional complications like
hypertension.
✔✔Infants who are born to mothers with diabetes also have increased risk of - ✔✔birth
trauma
perinatal asphyxia
preterm birth
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
hypoglycemia
hypocalcaemia
hypomagnesemia
cardiomyopathy
hyperbilirubinemia
polycythemia
✔✔Risk factors for GDM - ✔✔Overweight/obesity, Family hx, Previous GDM, Previous
Macrosomia or stillbirth, Hypertension, PCOS, Maternal age >25, Some ethnic groups
(Indigenous, African American, Asian)
ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔Low-lying placenta - ✔✔-If the edge of the placenta is measured by transvaginal
ultrasound to be < 2cm from the cervical os, it is classified as a low-lying placenta
-If its within 1 cm of the os then you need a c/s, but 1-2 they can TOL
✔✔Signs and Symptoms of Placenta Previa - ✔✔bright red vaginal bleeding, painless
bleeding, uterus is soft, malpresentation
✔✔Vasa Previa - ✔✔Presence of fetal (not placental) blood vessels that cross the
internal cervical os; if the vessels rupture, the fetus can quickly bleed to death
✔✔IUGR infants are at risk of - ✔✔perinatal asphyxia
hypoglycemia
polycythemia (jaundice)
heat loss and temperature instability
meconium aspiration
✔✔What is a succenturiate placenta? - ✔✔placenta has divided into two or more lobes
✔✔Glucose and insulin -> which is transported across the placenta? - ✔✔Glucose
✔✔When does the fetus produce its own insulin? - ✔✔10 weeks gestation
✔✔what stimulates the maternal pancreas to produce increased insulin in the first
trimester? what does this do? - ✔✔rising levels of estrogen and progesterone
this improves glucose utilization leading to lower fasting blood glucose levels
✔✔Complications of pre-gestational diabetes include - ✔✔fetal congenital
malformations (related to poor glycemic control early in pregnancy)
hypertension
preterm delivery
LGA babies
caesarean delivery
neonatal morbidities
perinatal mortality
✔✔The list of complications for overweight and obese women during pregnancy -
✔✔gestational diabetes
hypertension
infections
preterm delivery
elevated risk of instrumental or operative birth
, blood clots
stillbirth
fetal distress
macrosomia
neonatal death
congenital anomalies
✔✔When should GDM screening occur? - ✔✔Between 24-28 weeks gestation
✔✔When are diabetic women offered inductions - ✔✔between 38-39 weeks because
they're higher risk of stillbirths, macrosomia
Waiting until at least 38 weeks helps ensure adequate fetal lung development despite
high blood sugar levels affecting organ maturation
✔✔Nursing challenges when caring for an overweight/obese woman - ✔✔Difficulty
visualizing fetus during ultrasounds
Difficulty performing Leopold's
Palpating contractions + FHR
Inserting epidural
✔✔Fetal Monitoring for Diabetes - ✔✔Symphysis Fundal Height (SFH): Measured at
each prenatal visit to monitor fetal growth.
Ultrasound: Increased frequency may be required for continuous assessment.
Non-Stress Tests (NSTs): Recommended weekly starting at 32 weeks for women with
insulin-dependent pre-gestational diabetes and certain cases of GDM (e.g., those with
hypertension, a history of stillbirth, or insulin dependence).
Daily Fetal Movement Counts: Advised starting at 26 weeks for women with pre-
gestational diabetes, insulin-dependent GDM, or additional complications like
hypertension.
✔✔Infants who are born to mothers with diabetes also have increased risk of - ✔✔birth
trauma
perinatal asphyxia
preterm birth
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
hypoglycemia
hypocalcaemia
hypomagnesemia
cardiomyopathy
hyperbilirubinemia
polycythemia
✔✔Risk factors for GDM - ✔✔Overweight/obesity, Family hx, Previous GDM, Previous
Macrosomia or stillbirth, Hypertension, PCOS, Maternal age >25, Some ethnic groups
(Indigenous, African American, Asian)
