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building systems exam 2 with precise detailed solutions

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building systems exam 2 with precise detailed solutions

Institution
Building Systems
Course
Building systems










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Institution
Building systems
Course
Building systems

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Uploaded on
May 24, 2025
Number of pages
28
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
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2



building systems exam 2 with precise |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




detailed solutions ||||||




tilt-up construction - Correct answer ✔A method of casting reinforced concrete wall panels
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




on site in a horizontal position, then tilted them up into their final position.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Advantage: you don't have to pay for constructing and stripping vertical wall forms |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Disadvantage: you have to pay for a crane. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




masonry walls - Correct answer ✔consist of modular building blocks bonded together with
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




mortar to form walls that are durable, fire resistant, and structurally efficient in compression.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




what are the most common types of masonry units? - Correct answer ✔bricks (triggered):
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




heat hardened clay units
|||||| |||||| ||||||




concrete blocks: chemically hardened units |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




what are other types of masonry units? - Correct answer ✔structural clay tile, structural
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




glass block, and natural or cast stone
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




masonry walls may be constructed as: - Correct answer ✔solid walls
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




cavity walls (preferred for their increased resistance to water penetration and improved
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




thermal performance) ||||||




veneered walls ||||||




wythe - Correct answer ✔a continuous vertical section of a wall that is one masonry unit in
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




thickness

,2


masonry bearing walls - Correct answer ✔typically arranged in parallel sets to support steel,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




wood, or concrete spanning systems |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




common spanning elements include open-web steel joists, timber or steel beams, and site-
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




cast or precast concrete slabs.
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




pilasters - Correct answer ✔rectangular columns embedded in and projecting slightly from
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




one or both faces of a wall.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




stiffen masonry walls against lateral forces and bucking, and provide support for large
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




concentrated loads. ||||||




exterior masonry walls - Correct answer ✔must be weather-resistant and control heat flow;
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




water penetration must be controlled through the use of tooled joints, cavity spaces,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




flashing, and caulking. |||||| ||||||




what is the minimum wall thickness of masonry walls? - Correct answer ✔8" minimum
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




nominal thickness for masonry bearing walls, masonry shear walls, and masonry parapets
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




(height of parapet not to exceed 3 times the parapet thickness)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




6" minimum nominal thickness for reinforced masonry bearing walls, and solid masonry
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




walls in one-story buildings and not more than 9 feet in height.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




solid masonry walls - Correct answer ✔may be constructed of either solid or hollow masonry
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




units laid contiguously with all joints solidly filled with mortar
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




may also consist of multiple wythes bonded by grout, corrosion-resistant metal wall ties, or
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




horizontal joint reinforcement |||||| ||||||




single wythe walls - Correct answer ✔typically of concrete masonry units (cmu) boded with
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




horizontal joint reinforcement |||||| ||||||




composite walls - Correct answer ✔solid masonry walls having a facing wythe and a backup |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




whythe of different solid or hollow masonry units |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

, 2




grouted masonry walls - Correct answer ✔have all interior joints filled entirely with grout as
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




the work progresses
|||||| ||||||




cavity walls - Correct answer ✔constructed of a facing and a backing wythe of either solid or
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




hollow masonry units, completely separated by a continuous air space and bonded with
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




metal wall ties or horizontal joint reinforcement.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




what are the two advantages cavity walls have over other types of masonry wall? - Correct
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔1- the cavity enhances the thermal insulation value of the wall and permits the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




installation of additional thermal insulation materal |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




2- the air space acts as a barrier against water penetration if the cavity is kept clear, and if
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




adequate weep holes and flashing are provided |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




reinforced masonry walls - Correct answer ✔use steel reinforced bars placed in thickened |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




joints or cavities with a fluid grout mix of Portland cement, aggregate, and water for greater
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




strength in carrying vertical loads and increased resistance to bucking and lateral forces.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




masonry arches - Correct answer ✔utilize the compressive strength of brick and stone to
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




span openings by transforming the vertical forces of a supported load into inclined
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




components



voussoirs - Correct answer ✔any of the wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch, having side|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




cuts converging at one of the arch centers
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




keystone - Correct answer ✔the wedge-shaped voussoir at the crown of an arch, serving to
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




lock the other voussoirs in place.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




crown - Correct answer ✔the top part of an arch|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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