PATH 120 final exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
Etiology - Answers cause of the disease (e.g. an infectious agent, environmental exposure, inherited
mutation)
Pathogenesis - Answers development of disease and symptoms (mechanism of action, observations of
the changes in the body)
Functional Changes - Answers changes like range of motion in a joint, heart rate, reflexes, pain, muscle
strength, blood pressure, nerve conduction, temperature
Biochemical Changes - Answers changes to cellular processes and metabolism of the cells and tissues of
the body (e.g. enzyme activity, inflammation markers, glucose levels, HDL and LDL levels, ELISA)
Morphological Changes - Answers changes in the anatomical structure of the cells or tissues (how it
appears) (e.g. swelling, alteration in differentiation, histology slides, blood smear slides, biopsy results,
MRI, ultrasound, etc.)
Natural History (prognosis) - Answers the overall progression of a disease will determine the prognosis
or the likely outcome for the patient (overall disease effects, recovery, predicted lifespan)
Treatment - Answers not only medications - includes surgery, radiation, physical therapy, other
interventions
Complications - Answers the development of new issues caused by other factors (e.g. secondary
infections acquired during treatment, cancer relapse, FVIII inhibitory antibodies in hemophilia)
Spiritual Health - Answers has cultural safety, strengths, and resiliencies which are important aspects of
one's sense of self and ability to cope
Physical Health - Answers includes capacities, mobility, comorbidity awareness and prevention (e.g.
other diseases - how do you handle those) (capacity = a person's ability to make a decision)
Mental Health - Answers covers housing, family, community, and ceremony (religious congregations)
Emotional Health - Answers includes causality (relationship between a sequence of events) and access
to equipment and services
Well - Answers before someone becomes a patient, they begin as a healthy individual, wellness can be
subjective
Health Decline - Answers a decline in health is noticed, could be one or more contributing factors
(genetics, infection, injury, nutrition, environment, access to care, etc.)
Triage - Answers the first stop for a new patient in the emergency room, a decision is made to send the
patient home or admit them for testing
, Admittance - Answers a patient could be admitted if their condition is too severe, the issue has not been
identified, the patient needs treatment
Diagnosis - Answers results from tests will assess the patient's condition and help make a decision, at
this stage patients and families often receive recommendations for other services like social support and
counselling
Treatment - Answers once the patient is informed of their diagnosis and prognosis any and all treatment
options will be discussed
Discharge - Answers following successful treatment, a patient will be monitored in-hospital then
discharged
Monitoring - Answers patients check in regularly with the hospital to ensure their treatment was
effective
Palliative Care - Answers when the patient's condition is terminal the primary goal becomes making the
patient as comfortable as possible until death
Stereotyping - Answers to have a set idea about what a particular type of person is like, especially an
idea that is wrong
Racism - Answers prejudice and discrimination based on race
Negligence - Answers the failure to behave with the level of care that a reasonable person would have
exercised under the same circumstances
Lack of Resources - Answers the scarcity or absence of the materials, funds, or other necessary
components needed to complete a task, achieve a goal, or function properly
Lack of Inclusivity in Medicine - Answers in Western medicine, holistic practices of other populations are
not represented
Relationality in Learning - Answers the concept that we are all related to each other, the natural
environment, and the spiritual world
Spirituality in Learning - Answers spiritual development or growth is an essential part of learning
Common Indigenous Values in Teaching - Answers 7 grandfather teachings (courage, love, wisdom,
respect, truth, humility, honesty)
Cells - Answers are the basic unit of life, composed of DNA
Tissues - Answers groups of cells that function together as a unit (cells can differentiate into more
specialized cells that perform specific functions in the body)
Organs - Answers a contained collection of tissues that perform a shared function
Etiology - Answers cause of the disease (e.g. an infectious agent, environmental exposure, inherited
mutation)
Pathogenesis - Answers development of disease and symptoms (mechanism of action, observations of
the changes in the body)
Functional Changes - Answers changes like range of motion in a joint, heart rate, reflexes, pain, muscle
strength, blood pressure, nerve conduction, temperature
Biochemical Changes - Answers changes to cellular processes and metabolism of the cells and tissues of
the body (e.g. enzyme activity, inflammation markers, glucose levels, HDL and LDL levels, ELISA)
Morphological Changes - Answers changes in the anatomical structure of the cells or tissues (how it
appears) (e.g. swelling, alteration in differentiation, histology slides, blood smear slides, biopsy results,
MRI, ultrasound, etc.)
Natural History (prognosis) - Answers the overall progression of a disease will determine the prognosis
or the likely outcome for the patient (overall disease effects, recovery, predicted lifespan)
Treatment - Answers not only medications - includes surgery, radiation, physical therapy, other
interventions
Complications - Answers the development of new issues caused by other factors (e.g. secondary
infections acquired during treatment, cancer relapse, FVIII inhibitory antibodies in hemophilia)
Spiritual Health - Answers has cultural safety, strengths, and resiliencies which are important aspects of
one's sense of self and ability to cope
Physical Health - Answers includes capacities, mobility, comorbidity awareness and prevention (e.g.
other diseases - how do you handle those) (capacity = a person's ability to make a decision)
Mental Health - Answers covers housing, family, community, and ceremony (religious congregations)
Emotional Health - Answers includes causality (relationship between a sequence of events) and access
to equipment and services
Well - Answers before someone becomes a patient, they begin as a healthy individual, wellness can be
subjective
Health Decline - Answers a decline in health is noticed, could be one or more contributing factors
(genetics, infection, injury, nutrition, environment, access to care, etc.)
Triage - Answers the first stop for a new patient in the emergency room, a decision is made to send the
patient home or admit them for testing
, Admittance - Answers a patient could be admitted if their condition is too severe, the issue has not been
identified, the patient needs treatment
Diagnosis - Answers results from tests will assess the patient's condition and help make a decision, at
this stage patients and families often receive recommendations for other services like social support and
counselling
Treatment - Answers once the patient is informed of their diagnosis and prognosis any and all treatment
options will be discussed
Discharge - Answers following successful treatment, a patient will be monitored in-hospital then
discharged
Monitoring - Answers patients check in regularly with the hospital to ensure their treatment was
effective
Palliative Care - Answers when the patient's condition is terminal the primary goal becomes making the
patient as comfortable as possible until death
Stereotyping - Answers to have a set idea about what a particular type of person is like, especially an
idea that is wrong
Racism - Answers prejudice and discrimination based on race
Negligence - Answers the failure to behave with the level of care that a reasonable person would have
exercised under the same circumstances
Lack of Resources - Answers the scarcity or absence of the materials, funds, or other necessary
components needed to complete a task, achieve a goal, or function properly
Lack of Inclusivity in Medicine - Answers in Western medicine, holistic practices of other populations are
not represented
Relationality in Learning - Answers the concept that we are all related to each other, the natural
environment, and the spiritual world
Spirituality in Learning - Answers spiritual development or growth is an essential part of learning
Common Indigenous Values in Teaching - Answers 7 grandfather teachings (courage, love, wisdom,
respect, truth, humility, honesty)
Cells - Answers are the basic unit of life, composed of DNA
Tissues - Answers groups of cells that function together as a unit (cells can differentiate into more
specialized cells that perform specific functions in the body)
Organs - Answers a contained collection of tissues that perform a shared function
