CogSci 1B Midterm 1-Final exam with || || || || || ||
correct answers ||
Neural Basis of Perception - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Began in 1980's when
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
people were getting better at neural imaging techinques
|| || || || || || ||
Pathways of Visual Information (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dorsal Stream
|| || || || || || || || ||
(Finding a dolphin's dorsal fin): Spatial location, begin in the striate cortex
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and then end in the posterior parietal
|| || || || || ||
Ventral Stream: What it is and form: Striate and then goes to the temporal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cortex
Marr's tri-level information hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS
|| || || || || || ||
✔✔Information processing is held at 3 levels || || || || || ||
Computational: Highest most abstract level || || || ||
Algorithm: What is it. Specifies how the data will be transformed
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Implementation: What do we need: How do representations get represented || || || || || || || || || ||
physically?
Marr's theory of visual processing (Follows from the tri-level information
|| || || || || || || || || ||
hypothesis) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Take complex stimuli and represent
|| || || || || || || || ||
them ||
,1.
Light and dark features and make a very rough sketch
|| || || || || || || || ||
2.
2.5 dimensional thing where you're trying but still bound by the viewing
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
location, and it changes with movement and motion
|| || || || || || ||
3. ||
Finally 3-dimensional!!! Solves constancy problem that it'll change when you
|| || || || || || || || || ||
move because you see all of it
|| || || || || ||
But....bad b/c didn't have neural implementation; was too ideal
|| || || || || || || ||
Elongation Axis (Marr) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The axis by which most
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
of the objects matter is revolved around
|| || || || || ||
Symmetry Axis (Marrs) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Axis by which it's
|| || || || || || || || || ||
symmetric in mirror halves || || ||
Flow of Visual Information - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Starts at the optic
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
nerve, goes through the optic chaism and splits off into 2 before heading into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the brainstem before going into the thalamus (LGN: Lateral geniculate cortex)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and then V1 and V2 and splits into dorsal/ventral streams
|| || || || || || || || || ||
V1: Primary Visual Cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coming from LGN
|| || || || || || || || ||
,Process low level features which feature detectors that try to do orientation
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
and direction of movement, finding edges and countours
|| || || || || || ||
Maps onto the V2/Striate cortex
|| || || ||
V2: Striate Cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coming from V1. tries to do
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
more complex arrangements of edges and shape.
|| || || || || ||
Also does depth and determines retinal disparity, which is just because of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
binocular vision. ||
In the extrastriate cortex, uust outisde, they process more shit
|| || || || || || || || ||
Stereopsis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Depth Perception
|| || || || ||
Trichromatic Theory of Coloar - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Retina has 3|| || || || || || || || || ||
cones: red, green, and blue || || || ||
Opponent Process Theory of Color - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Color receptor
|| || || || || || || || ||
cells have an excitatory center and inhibitory surround and the color pairings
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Color and marketing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Color can affect marketing:
|| || || || || || || || || ||
duh w/ assocations
|| ||
Ventral Pathway - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The 'what' stream
|| || || || || || ||
, After being in V2, it's sent to V4 and then the ITC, inferior temporal cortex,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
which is responsible for identifying faces and body parts.
|| || || || || || || ||
Blindsight - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rare condition where people who are
|| || || || || || || || || ||
blind in a visual field can 'guess' things in their non-vision, like location of an
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
object or the emotion of a face.
|| || || || || ||
What explains blindsight? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A theory that visual
|| || || || || || || || || ||
processing can skip the visual cortex and go straight into the limbic system
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
This explains the 'intuition' b'c it;'s more emotional and instinctual
|| || || || || || || || ||
Debate in representation of information - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Analog
|| || || || || || || || ||
code (as a picture) or propositional (descriptive)
|| || || || || ||
Sparked from Roger Shepherd and Jacqueline Metzler
|| || || || || ||
Evidence for Analog Code - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Used in identifying
|| || || || || || || || || ||
visual imagery. Since it takes longer to rotate specific objects/orientations, the
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
amount of time information gets processed depends. Evidence for analog code
|| || || || || || || || || ||
because it wouldn't be processed like compute
|| || || || || || ||
Also the plane task: The farther things were from this plane the longer it took
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to process
|| ||
correct answers ||
Neural Basis of Perception - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Began in 1980's when
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
people were getting better at neural imaging techinques
|| || || || || || ||
Pathways of Visual Information (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Dorsal Stream
|| || || || || || || || ||
(Finding a dolphin's dorsal fin): Spatial location, begin in the striate cortex
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and then end in the posterior parietal
|| || || || || ||
Ventral Stream: What it is and form: Striate and then goes to the temporal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cortex
Marr's tri-level information hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS
|| || || || || || ||
✔✔Information processing is held at 3 levels || || || || || ||
Computational: Highest most abstract level || || || ||
Algorithm: What is it. Specifies how the data will be transformed
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Implementation: What do we need: How do representations get represented || || || || || || || || || ||
physically?
Marr's theory of visual processing (Follows from the tri-level information
|| || || || || || || || || ||
hypothesis) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Take complex stimuli and represent
|| || || || || || || || ||
them ||
,1.
Light and dark features and make a very rough sketch
|| || || || || || || || ||
2.
2.5 dimensional thing where you're trying but still bound by the viewing
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
location, and it changes with movement and motion
|| || || || || || ||
3. ||
Finally 3-dimensional!!! Solves constancy problem that it'll change when you
|| || || || || || || || || ||
move because you see all of it
|| || || || || ||
But....bad b/c didn't have neural implementation; was too ideal
|| || || || || || || ||
Elongation Axis (Marr) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The axis by which most
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
of the objects matter is revolved around
|| || || || || ||
Symmetry Axis (Marrs) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Axis by which it's
|| || || || || || || || || ||
symmetric in mirror halves || || ||
Flow of Visual Information - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Starts at the optic
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
nerve, goes through the optic chaism and splits off into 2 before heading into
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the brainstem before going into the thalamus (LGN: Lateral geniculate cortex)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and then V1 and V2 and splits into dorsal/ventral streams
|| || || || || || || || || ||
V1: Primary Visual Cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coming from LGN
|| || || || || || || || ||
,Process low level features which feature detectors that try to do orientation
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
and direction of movement, finding edges and countours
|| || || || || || ||
Maps onto the V2/Striate cortex
|| || || ||
V2: Striate Cortex - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coming from V1. tries to do
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
more complex arrangements of edges and shape.
|| || || || || ||
Also does depth and determines retinal disparity, which is just because of
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
binocular vision. ||
In the extrastriate cortex, uust outisde, they process more shit
|| || || || || || || || ||
Stereopsis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Depth Perception
|| || || || ||
Trichromatic Theory of Coloar - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Retina has 3|| || || || || || || || || ||
cones: red, green, and blue || || || ||
Opponent Process Theory of Color - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Color receptor
|| || || || || || || || ||
cells have an excitatory center and inhibitory surround and the color pairings
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Color and marketing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Color can affect marketing:
|| || || || || || || || || ||
duh w/ assocations
|| ||
Ventral Pathway - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The 'what' stream
|| || || || || || ||
, After being in V2, it's sent to V4 and then the ITC, inferior temporal cortex,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
which is responsible for identifying faces and body parts.
|| || || || || || || ||
Blindsight - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Rare condition where people who are
|| || || || || || || || || ||
blind in a visual field can 'guess' things in their non-vision, like location of an
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
object or the emotion of a face.
|| || || || || ||
What explains blindsight? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A theory that visual
|| || || || || || || || || ||
processing can skip the visual cortex and go straight into the limbic system
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
This explains the 'intuition' b'c it;'s more emotional and instinctual
|| || || || || || || || ||
Debate in representation of information - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Analog
|| || || || || || || || ||
code (as a picture) or propositional (descriptive)
|| || || || || ||
Sparked from Roger Shepherd and Jacqueline Metzler
|| || || || || ||
Evidence for Analog Code - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Used in identifying
|| || || || || || || || || ||
visual imagery. Since it takes longer to rotate specific objects/orientations, the
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
amount of time information gets processed depends. Evidence for analog code
|| || || || || || || || || ||
because it wouldn't be processed like compute
|| || || || || || ||
Also the plane task: The farther things were from this plane the longer it took
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to process
|| ||
