Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
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,Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
Test Bank for Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 5th Edition | Visovsky, Zambroski & Lutz | All
Chapters | 2026 Chapter 01
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medical schools?
a. Changes in Medicare
Reimbursement methods recommended in 1992
b. Competition from nonphysicians desiring to meet
primary care shortages
c. The need for monopolistic control in themarketplace
of primary outpatient
care
d. The recognition that nonphysicians havevariable
success providing primary care
ACTUAL ANSWER;- A
The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial reimbursement to clinicians
who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of primary care providers, this incentive led medical
schools to place greater emphasis on preparing primary care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians
increased coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs.
Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have been shown to be safe and
effective.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 2
2. Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians?
a. Older physicians tend to prescribe moreappropriate
medications than younger physicians.
b. Antibiotic medications remain in the topfive
classifications of medications prescribed.
c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic
armamentarium” that consists of less than
100 drug preparations per physician.
d. The dominant form of drug information used by
primary care physicians
continuesto be that provided by pharmaceutical
companies.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- D
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,Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements,
pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on academic sources for drug
information, a study showed that commercial rather than scientific sources of drug information dominated
their drug information materials.
Younger physicians tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics have dropped out of the top
five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians have a therapeutic armamentarium of about 144
drugs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 3
3. As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as prescribers ofmedications, it will
be important to:
a. attain the same level of expertise
asphysicians who currently prescribe
medications.
b. learn from the experiences of physicians and develop
expertise based on
evidence-based practice.
c. maintain collaborative and
supervisorialrelationships with
physicians who will oversee prescribing practices.
d. develop relationships with
pharmaceuticalrepresentatives to learn about new
medications as they are developed.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- B
As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be important to learn from
the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing practices based on evidence-based medicine. It
is hoped that all prescribers, including physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better than in the
past. NPs should work toward prescriptive authority and for practice that is not supervised by another
professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide information that carries some bias.Academic sources
are better.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 4
Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs,CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and
Physician Assistants
Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider 5/E Test Bank | Edmunds
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out of the federal facility
reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this defineshow NPs may write prescriptions:
HTTPS://WWW.STUVIA.COM/USER/TESTSBANK 3
,Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
a. without physician supervision in
privatepractice.
b. as CRNAs without physician supervision in a
hospital setting.
c. in any situation but will not be reimbursedfor this by
government
insurers.
d. only with physician supervision in both private
practice and a hospital setting.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- B
In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal physician supervision rule for
CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNAs to write prescriptions and dispense drugs without
physician supervision.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9
2. CRNAs in most states:
a. must have a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
number to practice.
b. must have prescriptive authority
topractice.
c. order and administer controlled
substancesbut do not have full prescriptive
authority.
d. administer medications, including
controlled substances, under
directphysician supervision.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- C
Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRNAs. CRNAs do not require prescriptive
authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient anddo not prescribe. Without prescriptive
authority, they do not need a DEA number.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9
3. A CNM:
a. may treat only women.
b. has prescriptive authority in all 50 states.
c. may administer only drugs used
duringlabor and delivery.
d. may practice only in birthing centers andhome birth
settings.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- B
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, Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
CNMs have prescriptive authority in all 50 states. They may treat partners of women for sexually transmitted
diseases. They have full prescriptive authority and are not limited todrugs used during childbirth. They
practice in many other types of settings.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 9
4. In every state, prescriptive authority for NPs includes the ability to write prescriptions:
a. for controlled substances.
b. for specified classifications of medications.
c. without physician-mandated involvement.
d. with full, independent prescriptiveauthority.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- B
All states now have some degree of prescriptive authority granted to NPs, but not all states allow authority to
prescribe controlled substances. Many states still require some degree of physician involvement with certain
types of drugs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 12
5. The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that:
a. NPs licensed in one state may practice inother states.
b. full prescriptive authority will be grantedto all NPs
with doctoral degrees.
c. NPs will be better prepared to meet emerging
health care needs of patients.
d. requirements for physician supervision ofNPs
will be removed in all states.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- C
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has recommended transitioning graduate level NP programs
to the doctoral level as a response to changes in health care delivery and emerging health care needs. NPs
with doctoral degrees will not necessarily have full prescriptive authority or be freed from requirements
about physician supervision because those are subject to individual state laws. NPs will still be required
tomeet licensure requirements of each state.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 12
6. An important difference between physician assistants (PAs) and NPs is PAs:
a. always work under physician supervision.
b. are not required to follow drug treatment
protocols.
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,Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
Test Bank for Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 5th Edition | Visovsky, Zambroski & Lutz | All
Chapters | 2026 Chapter 01
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in medical schools?
a. Changes in Medicare
Reimbursement methods recommended in 1992
b. Competition from nonphysicians desiring to meet
primary care shortages
c. The need for monopolistic control in themarketplace
of primary outpatient
care
d. The recognition that nonphysicians havevariable
success providing primary care
ACTUAL ANSWER;- A
The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial reimbursement to clinicians
who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of primary care providers, this incentive led medical
schools to place greater emphasis on preparing primary care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians
increased coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs.
Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have been shown to be safe and
effective.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 2
2. Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians?
a. Older physicians tend to prescribe moreappropriate
medications than younger physicians.
b. Antibiotic medications remain in the topfive
classifications of medications prescribed.
c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic
armamentarium” that consists of less than
100 drug preparations per physician.
d. The dominant form of drug information used by
primary care physicians
continuesto be that provided by pharmaceutical
companies.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- D
HTTPS://WWW.STUVIA.COM/USER/TESTSBANK 2
,Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements,
pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on academic sources for drug
information, a study showed that commercial rather than scientific sources of drug information dominated
their drug information materials.
Younger physicians tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics have dropped out of the top
five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians have a therapeutic armamentarium of about 144
drugs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 3
3. As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as prescribers ofmedications, it will
be important to:
a. attain the same level of expertise
asphysicians who currently prescribe
medications.
b. learn from the experiences of physicians and develop
expertise based on
evidence-based practice.
c. maintain collaborative and
supervisorialrelationships with
physicians who will oversee prescribing practices.
d. develop relationships with
pharmaceuticalrepresentatives to learn about new
medications as they are developed.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- B
As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be important to learn from
the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing practices based on evidence-based medicine. It
is hoped that all prescribers, including physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better than in the
past. NPs should work toward prescriptive authority and for practice that is not supervised by another
professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide information that carries some bias.Academic sources
are better.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 4
Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs,CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and
Physician Assistants
Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider 5/E Test Bank | Edmunds
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out of the federal facility
reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this defineshow NPs may write prescriptions:
HTTPS://WWW.STUVIA.COM/USER/TESTSBANK 3
,Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
a. without physician supervision in
privatepractice.
b. as CRNAs without physician supervision in a
hospital setting.
c. in any situation but will not be reimbursedfor this by
government
insurers.
d. only with physician supervision in both private
practice and a hospital setting.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- B
In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal physician supervision rule for
CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNAs to write prescriptions and dispense drugs without
physician supervision.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9
2. CRNAs in most states:
a. must have a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
number to practice.
b. must have prescriptive authority
topractice.
c. order and administer controlled
substancesbut do not have full prescriptive
authority.
d. administer medications, including
controlled substances, under
directphysician supervision.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- C
Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRNAs. CRNAs do not require prescriptive
authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient anddo not prescribe. Without prescriptive
authority, they do not need a DEA number.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9
3. A CNM:
a. may treat only women.
b. has prescriptive authority in all 50 states.
c. may administer only drugs used
duringlabor and delivery.
d. may practice only in birthing centers andhome birth
settings.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- B
HTTPS://WWW.STUVIA.COM/USER/TESTSBANK 4
, Edmunds' Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provi - 9780323661171
CNMs have prescriptive authority in all 50 states. They may treat partners of women for sexually transmitted
diseases. They have full prescriptive authority and are not limited todrugs used during childbirth. They
practice in many other types of settings.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 9
4. In every state, prescriptive authority for NPs includes the ability to write prescriptions:
a. for controlled substances.
b. for specified classifications of medications.
c. without physician-mandated involvement.
d. with full, independent prescriptiveauthority.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- B
All states now have some degree of prescriptive authority granted to NPs, but not all states allow authority to
prescribe controlled substances. Many states still require some degree of physician involvement with certain
types of drugs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 12
5. The current trend toward transitioning NP programs to the doctoral level will mean that:
a. NPs licensed in one state may practice inother states.
b. full prescriptive authority will be grantedto all NPs
with doctoral degrees.
c. NPs will be better prepared to meet emerging
health care needs of patients.
d. requirements for physician supervision ofNPs
will be removed in all states.
ACTUAL ANSWER;- C
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has recommended transitioning graduate level NP programs
to the doctoral level as a response to changes in health care delivery and emerging health care needs. NPs
with doctoral degrees will not necessarily have full prescriptive authority or be freed from requirements
about physician supervision because those are subject to individual state laws. NPs will still be required
tomeet licensure requirements of each state.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 12
6. An important difference between physician assistants (PAs) and NPs is PAs:
a. always work under physician supervision.
b. are not required to follow drug treatment
protocols.
HTTPS://WWW.STUVIA.COM/USER/TESTSBANK 5
