,SOLUTION MANUAL FOR x# x#
An Introduction to Physical Science 15th Edition James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Ch
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
arles A. Higgins, Bo Lou x# x# x# x#
Chapter 1-24 x#
Chapter 1 x#
MEASUREMENT
Chapter 1 is important because all quantitative knowledge about our physical environment
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
# is based on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and rewritten for cla
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
rity. The 1.2 Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to the procedures for sci
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
entific investigation. Major terms such as experiment, law, hypothesis, theory and scientific
x# x # x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
method are introduced. The idea that physical science deals with quantitative knowledge shou
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ld be stressed. It is not enough to know that a car is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know h
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ow fast. x#
A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the metr
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ic-
x# British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained. Both the m
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
etric and the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for familiarity. The in
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
structor may decide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but the student should get
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
x# some practice in converting between the systems. This provides knowledge of the comparati
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ve size of similar units in the different systems and makes the student feel comfortable using
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
# what may be unfamiliar metric units. The Highlight, ―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Is,‖ illustrates the importance of unit conversion.
x# x# x# x# x# x#
The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his or
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
her physical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and themselve
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
s through measurements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such questions as, Ho
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
w old are you? How much do you weigh? How tall are you? What is the normal body tempe
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
rature?
How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or an
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
swered by measurements and quantitative analyses.
x# x# x# x# x#
DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
liter beaker or a liter soda container, a one-
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
quart container, and a balance or scales available on the instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the co
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
mparative units. The meter stick can be compared to the yardstick to show the difference bet
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ween them, along with the subunits of inches and centimeters. The liter and quart also can be
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
,compared. Pass the kilogram mass around the classroom so that students can get some
# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
, idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the balan
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ce and scales.
x# x#
When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class m
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
embers guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have several
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
x# students independently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick. Compare the
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
measurements in terms of significant figures and units. Compare the averages of the measure
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ments and estimates. Convert the average metric measurement to British units, and vice versa,
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
# to practice conversion factors and to see how the measurements compare.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS x# x# x#
a. 15x# x#x# b. 8 x# x#x# c. 10
x# x#x# d. 2 x# x#x# e. 19 x# x#x# f. 14 x# g. 21 h. 13 i. 18
x# x# x# j. 6 x# x#x# k. 11 l. 3
x# x# m. 12 x#
n. 1 x# o. 9 x#
p. 4 x# x#x# q. 23 r. 17 s. 5 t. 20
x# x# x# x# x#x# u. 16 v. 22 w. 7
x# x# x#
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS x# x# x#
1.c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. b
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#x# 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. b
x# x# x# x# x#x# 13. a x# x # 14. b x#
ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS x# x# x#
1. biological 2. hypothesis 3. scientific method 4. sight, hearing 5. limitations 6. less
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
7. longer 8. fundamental 9. time or second 10. one-billion, 109 11. liter
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
12. mass x# 13. less x#
ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS x# x# x#
1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is acqui
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
red and tested.
x# x#
2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology.
x# x# x# x# x#
3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
x# x# x# x# x# x#
1. Observations and Measurements, x# x#
2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and x#
5. Law.
4. Hypothesis
An Introduction to Physical Science 15th Edition James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Ch
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
arles A. Higgins, Bo Lou x# x# x# x#
Chapter 1-24 x#
Chapter 1 x#
MEASUREMENT
Chapter 1 is important because all quantitative knowledge about our physical environment
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
# is based on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and rewritten for cla
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
rity. The 1.2 Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to the procedures for sci
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
entific investigation. Major terms such as experiment, law, hypothesis, theory and scientific
x# x # x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
method are introduced. The idea that physical science deals with quantitative knowledge shou
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ld be stressed. It is not enough to know that a car is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know h
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ow fast. x#
A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the metr
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ic-
x# British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained. Both the m
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
etric and the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for familiarity. The in
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
structor may decide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but the student should get
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
x# some practice in converting between the systems. This provides knowledge of the comparati
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ve size of similar units in the different systems and makes the student feel comfortable using
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
# what may be unfamiliar metric units. The Highlight, ―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Is,‖ illustrates the importance of unit conversion.
x# x# x# x# x# x#
The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his or
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
her physical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and themselve
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
s through measurements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such questions as, Ho
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
w old are you? How much do you weigh? How tall are you? What is the normal body tempe
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
rature?
How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or an
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
swered by measurements and quantitative analyses.
x# x# x# x# x#
DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
liter beaker or a liter soda container, a one-
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
quart container, and a balance or scales available on the instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the co
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
mparative units. The meter stick can be compared to the yardstick to show the difference bet
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ween them, along with the subunits of inches and centimeters. The liter and quart also can be
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
,compared. Pass the kilogram mass around the classroom so that students can get some
# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
, idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the balan
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ce and scales.
x# x#
When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class m
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
embers guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have several
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
x# students independently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick. Compare the
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
measurements in terms of significant figures and units. Compare the averages of the measure
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ments and estimates. Convert the average metric measurement to British units, and vice versa,
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
# to practice conversion factors and to see how the measurements compare.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS x# x# x#
a. 15x# x#x# b. 8 x# x#x# c. 10
x# x#x# d. 2 x# x#x# e. 19 x# x#x# f. 14 x# g. 21 h. 13 i. 18
x# x# x# j. 6 x# x#x# k. 11 l. 3
x# x# m. 12 x#
n. 1 x# o. 9 x#
p. 4 x# x#x# q. 23 r. 17 s. 5 t. 20
x# x# x# x# x#x# u. 16 v. 22 w. 7
x# x# x#
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS x# x# x#
1.c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. b
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#x# 9. d 10. c 11. b 12. b
x# x# x# x# x#x# 13. a x# x # 14. b x#
ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS x# x# x#
1. biological 2. hypothesis 3. scientific method 4. sight, hearing 5. limitations 6. less
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
7. longer 8. fundamental 9. time or second 10. one-billion, 109 11. liter
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
12. mass x# 13. less x#
ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS x# x# x#
1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is acqui
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
red and tested.
x# x#
2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology.
x# x# x# x# x#
3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
x# x# x# x# x# x#
1. Observations and Measurements, x# x#
2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and x#
5. Law.
4. Hypothesis