Bio1108 /Bio 1108 final exam 2025 actual exam 2 versions (version a and b) and study guide currently testing verified by expert for a+ grade // brand new

Bio1108 /Bio 1108 final exam 2025 actual
exam 2 versions (version a and b) and
study guide currently testing verified by
expert for a+ grade // brand new




What is evolution? ......answer.....-
B B BB




Change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time
B B B B B B B B B B




-Populations change through time.
B B B




What is a species (according to the biological species concept?) ......a
B B B B B B B B B BB




nswer.....group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable
B B B B B B B B B




offspring (shared gene pool)
B B B

,What are reproductive isolating mechanisms? Types of reproductive
B B B B B B B




isolating mechanisms? ......answer.....the reproductive characteristi
B B BB B B




cs that prevent species from fusing.
B B B B B B




prezygotic isolating mechanism: Prevents the formation of the zygot
B B B B B B B B




e completely; also prevents mating or fertilization; mating occurs bu
B B B B B B B B B




t no zygotes are produced (temporal, habitat, behavioral, mechanica
B B B B B B B B




l and gametic barrier)
B B B B




Postzygotic isolating mechanism: Zygotes are produced but offsprin
B B B B B B B




g do not survive or are sterile; also prevents success of hybrid offspri
B B B B B B B B B B B B




ng (Hybrid inviability, hybrid sterilty)
B B B B




What is speciation (both allopatric and sympatric)? How does specia
B B B B B B B B B




tion occur (what major factor can lead to speciation? ......answer.....-
B B B B B B B B BB




is the splitting of an ancestral species into more than one descendan
B B B B B B B B B B B B




t species
B




-
AS: The formation of new species in populations that are geographic
B B B B B B B B B B B




ally isolated from one another.
B B B B B

,-
SS: the formation of new species in populations that live in the same
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B




geographic area. B B




-
Speciation can occur when there is genetic drift, natural selection. g
B B B B B B B B B B B




eographical isolation, mutation. B B




What is phylogeny? What are phylogenetic trees? Know how to inter
B B B B B B B B B B




pret relationships among organisms from a phylogenetic tree. ......an
B B B B B B B BB




swer.....- evolutionary history of organisms
B B B B




-
A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to e
B B B B B B B B B B B




xist among groups of organisms. Depicts common ancestors and div
B B B B B B B B B




ergence. Based on the idea that closely related species should share s
B B B B B B B B B B B




imilar characteristics.
B




-



What's the difference between monophyletic and paraphyletic grou
B B B B B B B




ps? ......answer.....mono-common ancestor and all descendants
BB B B B B

, para-
composed of some but not all members descending from a common
B B B B B B B B B B B




ancestor



What are synapomorphies/homologies? Analogies? Convergent evol
B B B B B




ution? Adaptive radiation? Mass extinction? ......answer.....-
B B B B BB




synap: organisms have both ancestral and derived traits
B B B B B B B




-homo: similarities due to common ancestor
B B B B B




- analogy: similar traits that evolved independently
B B B B B B




-
convergent evaluation: the independent evolution of similar feature
B B B B B B B B




s in different lineages
B B B




-
adaptive radaition: Single lineage gives rise to many descendants ad
B B B B B B B B B B




apted t diverse niches. Usually occurs in respone to new habitat avail
B B B B B B B B B B B




aility or new adaptations.
B B B




- mass extinction: rapid extinction of many lineages
B B B B B B B




-
scientific name: Genus and species are italicized (underline on test)
B B B B B B B B B B B




and the first letter of the genus is capitalized
B B B B B B B B