1. A client on lithium therapy should avoid excessive intake of which
electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Fluctuations in sodium affect lithium levels. High sodium
intake can reduce lithium effectiveness; low sodium can increase
toxicity risk.
2. Which of the following conditions requires a low-purine diet?
A. Hypertension
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Gout
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is managed by limiting purine intake, which can reduce
uric acid levels and flare-ups.
3. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
4. Which food should be avoided by a client on a tyramine-restricted
diet for MAOIs?
,A. Cheddar cheese
B. Banana
C. Apple
D. White bread
Answer: A. Cheddar cheese
Rationale: Aged cheeses are high in tyramine and can trigger
hypertensive crisis when taken with MAOIs.
5. A client is receiving TPN. Which lab value should the nurse monitor
to assess glucose control?
A. BUN
B. Hemoglobin
C. Blood glucose
D. Sodium
Answer: C. Blood glucose
Rationale: TPN contains high glucose concentrations. Regular
monitoring of blood glucose is essential to avoid hyperglycemia.
6. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
7. Which of the following is the best source of folic acid for a client
planning to become pregnant?
A. Liver
B. Citrus fruits
C. Leafy green vegetables
D. Fortified cereals
, Answer: D. Fortified cereals
Rationale: Fortified cereals are rich in folic acid and are recommended
for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects.
8. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
9. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
10. Which intervention helps reduce the risk of aspiration during
enteral feedings?
A. Infuse feedings rapidly
B. Lower the head of bed
C. Keep client supine during feeding
D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Answer: D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Rationale: Keeping the head elevated during and after feeding reduces
aspiration risk.
electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Fluctuations in sodium affect lithium levels. High sodium
intake can reduce lithium effectiveness; low sodium can increase
toxicity risk.
2. Which of the following conditions requires a low-purine diet?
A. Hypertension
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Gout
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is managed by limiting purine intake, which can reduce
uric acid levels and flare-ups.
3. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
4. Which food should be avoided by a client on a tyramine-restricted
diet for MAOIs?
,A. Cheddar cheese
B. Banana
C. Apple
D. White bread
Answer: A. Cheddar cheese
Rationale: Aged cheeses are high in tyramine and can trigger
hypertensive crisis when taken with MAOIs.
5. A client is receiving TPN. Which lab value should the nurse monitor
to assess glucose control?
A. BUN
B. Hemoglobin
C. Blood glucose
D. Sodium
Answer: C. Blood glucose
Rationale: TPN contains high glucose concentrations. Regular
monitoring of blood glucose is essential to avoid hyperglycemia.
6. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
7. Which of the following is the best source of folic acid for a client
planning to become pregnant?
A. Liver
B. Citrus fruits
C. Leafy green vegetables
D. Fortified cereals
, Answer: D. Fortified cereals
Rationale: Fortified cereals are rich in folic acid and are recommended
for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects.
8. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
9. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
10. Which intervention helps reduce the risk of aspiration during
enteral feedings?
A. Infuse feedings rapidly
B. Lower the head of bed
C. Keep client supine during feeding
D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Answer: D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Rationale: Keeping the head elevated during and after feeding reduces
aspiration risk.
