1. A nurse is teaching a client about the DASH diet. Which of the
following is emphasized?
A. Low sodium and high potassium
B. High fat and low carb
C. Increased protein
D. Gluten avoidance
Answer: A. Low sodium and high potassium
Rationale: The DASH diet lowers blood pressure by reducing sodium
and increasing potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
2. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching to a client who follows a
kosher diet. Which of the following food combinations is appropriate?
A. Cheeseburger with fries
B. Chicken with cream sauce
C. Fish with steamed vegetables
D. Ham and eggs
Answer: C. Fish with steamed vegetables
Rationale: Kosher diets prohibit mixing meat and dairy and exclude
pork. Fish with vegetables is typically acceptable.
3. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
4. A nurse is educating a client about potassium-rich foods. Which
statement indicates understanding?
,A. “I will eat more canned soups.”
B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
C. “I should eat white bread.”
D. “I’ll drink cranberry juice.”
Answer: B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
Rationale: Dried apricots, bananas, and potatoes are excellent sources
of potassium.
5. A client on a low-residue diet should avoid which of the following
foods?
A. White rice
B. Canned peaches
C. Whole-grain bread
D. Tender beef
Answer: C. Whole-grain bread
Rationale: A low-residue diet limits fiber to reduce stool bulk. Whole
grains are high in fiber and should be avoided.
6. What is a recommended source of omega-3 fatty acids?
A. Butter
B. Cod liver oil
C. Whole milk
D. Corn oil
Answer: B. Cod liver oil
Rationale: Omega-3s are found in fatty fish and fish oils like cod liver
oil, beneficial for heart health.
7. A client with dumping syndrome should be instructed to do which of
the following?
A. Eat three large meals per day
B. Drink fluids with meals
C. Increase simple sugars
D. Lie down after eating
, Answer: D. Lie down after eating
Rationale: Lying down slows gastric emptying. Clients should also eat
small, frequent meals and avoid high-sugar foods and fluids with meals.
8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a heart-healthy diet. Which
instruction is appropriate?
A. Increase saturated fat intake
B. Use trans fats for cooking
C. Consume fish twice per week
D. Avoid all carbohydrates
Answer: C. Consume fish twice per week
Rationale: Fatty fish like salmon provide omega-3s which reduce
cardiovascular risk. Saturated and trans fats should be limited.
9. Which mineral is important in preventing osteoporosis?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Calcium
Rationale: Calcium, along with vitamin D, is crucial for bone health and
osteoporosis prevention.
10. Which lab result indicates malnutrition?
A. Elevated albumin
B. Decreased prealbumin
C. High cholesterol
D. Elevated creatinine
Answer: B. Decreased prealbumin
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive marker of protein malnutrition and
responds quickly to changes in nutritional status.
following is emphasized?
A. Low sodium and high potassium
B. High fat and low carb
C. Increased protein
D. Gluten avoidance
Answer: A. Low sodium and high potassium
Rationale: The DASH diet lowers blood pressure by reducing sodium
and increasing potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
2. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching to a client who follows a
kosher diet. Which of the following food combinations is appropriate?
A. Cheeseburger with fries
B. Chicken with cream sauce
C. Fish with steamed vegetables
D. Ham and eggs
Answer: C. Fish with steamed vegetables
Rationale: Kosher diets prohibit mixing meat and dairy and exclude
pork. Fish with vegetables is typically acceptable.
3. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
4. A nurse is educating a client about potassium-rich foods. Which
statement indicates understanding?
,A. “I will eat more canned soups.”
B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
C. “I should eat white bread.”
D. “I’ll drink cranberry juice.”
Answer: B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
Rationale: Dried apricots, bananas, and potatoes are excellent sources
of potassium.
5. A client on a low-residue diet should avoid which of the following
foods?
A. White rice
B. Canned peaches
C. Whole-grain bread
D. Tender beef
Answer: C. Whole-grain bread
Rationale: A low-residue diet limits fiber to reduce stool bulk. Whole
grains are high in fiber and should be avoided.
6. What is a recommended source of omega-3 fatty acids?
A. Butter
B. Cod liver oil
C. Whole milk
D. Corn oil
Answer: B. Cod liver oil
Rationale: Omega-3s are found in fatty fish and fish oils like cod liver
oil, beneficial for heart health.
7. A client with dumping syndrome should be instructed to do which of
the following?
A. Eat three large meals per day
B. Drink fluids with meals
C. Increase simple sugars
D. Lie down after eating
, Answer: D. Lie down after eating
Rationale: Lying down slows gastric emptying. Clients should also eat
small, frequent meals and avoid high-sugar foods and fluids with meals.
8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a heart-healthy diet. Which
instruction is appropriate?
A. Increase saturated fat intake
B. Use trans fats for cooking
C. Consume fish twice per week
D. Avoid all carbohydrates
Answer: C. Consume fish twice per week
Rationale: Fatty fish like salmon provide omega-3s which reduce
cardiovascular risk. Saturated and trans fats should be limited.
9. Which mineral is important in preventing osteoporosis?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Calcium
Rationale: Calcium, along with vitamin D, is crucial for bone health and
osteoporosis prevention.
10. Which lab result indicates malnutrition?
A. Elevated albumin
B. Decreased prealbumin
C. High cholesterol
D. Elevated creatinine
Answer: B. Decreased prealbumin
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive marker of protein malnutrition and
responds quickly to changes in nutritional status.
