PSYC101 General Psychology
Final Assessment Review
Module 1 (Questions & Solutions)
2025
©2025
, 1. Case Study:
A scholar examining early psychological schools of thought reviews
historical texts and notes that one approach focused on breaking down
conscious experience into its elemental components using introspection.
Question: Which school of thought does this description best match?
- A. Structuralism
- B. Functionalism
- C. Behaviorism
- D. Gestalt Psychology
> Correct ANS: A. Structuralism
> Rationale: Structuralism, pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward
Titchener, sought to identify the basic elements of conscious experience
through methods such as introspection.
---
2. Case Study:
A researcher is writing a historical overview of psychology and notes that
the establishment of the first psychological laboratory in 1879 was
pivotal in converting philosophy into an experimental science.
Question: Who is credited with founding this laboratory?
- A. Wilhelm Wundt
- B. William James
- C. Sigmund Freud
- D. John Watson
> Correct ANS: A. Wilhelm Wundt
> Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt is widely regarded as the father of
experimental psychology for establishing the first psychology laboratory
in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.
---
©2025
, 3. Case Study:
In his review of early American psychology, a student contrasts two
approaches. One focused on the function and purpose of mental
processes influenced by Darwinian ideas.
Question: Which approach is best described by this focus?
- A. Structuralism
- B. Functionalism
- C. Psychoanalysis
- D. Behaviorism
> Correct ANS: B. Functionalism
> Rationale: Functionalism, championed by William James,
emphasized the adaptive purpose of mental processes, reflecting the
influence of Darwinian thought.
---
4. Case Study:
Reviewing the evolution of psychological thought, a scholar notes a
reaction against reductionist approaches that led to an emphasis on
holistic perception.
Question: Which movement emerged in response to structuralism to
stress that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”?
- A. Gestalt Psychology
- B. Behaviorism
- C. Functionalism
- D. Psychoanalysis
> Correct ANS: A. Gestalt Psychology
> Rationale: Gestalt psychology arose in response to the atomistic
views of structuralism, arguing that psychological phenomena must be
viewed as organized wholes.
---
©2025
, 5. Case Study:
A graduate seminar on research methods examines the evolution of
experimental controls. A professor explains that randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for making causal
inferences in psychology.
Question: What is the primary advantage of using an experimental
design over a correlational study?
- A. It provides qualitative insights.
- B. It allows for inference of causation.
- C. It is easier to implement in field settings.
- D. It minimizes the need for statistical analysis.
> Correct ANS: B. It allows for inference of causation.
> Rationale: Experimental designs, through the manipulation of
independent variables and random assignment, permit stronger causal
inferences compared to correlational studies which can only show
associations.
---
6. Case Study:
A researcher is designing a study to examine the effects of stress on
memory. To minimize errors associated with nonrepresentative samples,
she carefully employs a procedure in which every member of the target
population has an equal probability of selection.
Question: This procedure is known as:
- A. Convenience sampling
- B. Stratified sampling
- C. Random sampling
- D. Snowball sampling
> Correct ANS: C. Random sampling
> Rationale: Random sampling ensures that every individual in the
target population has an equal chance of being selected, thereby
©2025
Final Assessment Review
Module 1 (Questions & Solutions)
2025
©2025
, 1. Case Study:
A scholar examining early psychological schools of thought reviews
historical texts and notes that one approach focused on breaking down
conscious experience into its elemental components using introspection.
Question: Which school of thought does this description best match?
- A. Structuralism
- B. Functionalism
- C. Behaviorism
- D. Gestalt Psychology
> Correct ANS: A. Structuralism
> Rationale: Structuralism, pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward
Titchener, sought to identify the basic elements of conscious experience
through methods such as introspection.
---
2. Case Study:
A researcher is writing a historical overview of psychology and notes that
the establishment of the first psychological laboratory in 1879 was
pivotal in converting philosophy into an experimental science.
Question: Who is credited with founding this laboratory?
- A. Wilhelm Wundt
- B. William James
- C. Sigmund Freud
- D. John Watson
> Correct ANS: A. Wilhelm Wundt
> Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt is widely regarded as the father of
experimental psychology for establishing the first psychology laboratory
in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.
---
©2025
, 3. Case Study:
In his review of early American psychology, a student contrasts two
approaches. One focused on the function and purpose of mental
processes influenced by Darwinian ideas.
Question: Which approach is best described by this focus?
- A. Structuralism
- B. Functionalism
- C. Psychoanalysis
- D. Behaviorism
> Correct ANS: B. Functionalism
> Rationale: Functionalism, championed by William James,
emphasized the adaptive purpose of mental processes, reflecting the
influence of Darwinian thought.
---
4. Case Study:
Reviewing the evolution of psychological thought, a scholar notes a
reaction against reductionist approaches that led to an emphasis on
holistic perception.
Question: Which movement emerged in response to structuralism to
stress that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”?
- A. Gestalt Psychology
- B. Behaviorism
- C. Functionalism
- D. Psychoanalysis
> Correct ANS: A. Gestalt Psychology
> Rationale: Gestalt psychology arose in response to the atomistic
views of structuralism, arguing that psychological phenomena must be
viewed as organized wholes.
---
©2025
, 5. Case Study:
A graduate seminar on research methods examines the evolution of
experimental controls. A professor explains that randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for making causal
inferences in psychology.
Question: What is the primary advantage of using an experimental
design over a correlational study?
- A. It provides qualitative insights.
- B. It allows for inference of causation.
- C. It is easier to implement in field settings.
- D. It minimizes the need for statistical analysis.
> Correct ANS: B. It allows for inference of causation.
> Rationale: Experimental designs, through the manipulation of
independent variables and random assignment, permit stronger causal
inferences compared to correlational studies which can only show
associations.
---
6. Case Study:
A researcher is designing a study to examine the effects of stress on
memory. To minimize errors associated with nonrepresentative samples,
she carefully employs a procedure in which every member of the target
population has an equal probability of selection.
Question: This procedure is known as:
- A. Convenience sampling
- B. Stratified sampling
- C. Random sampling
- D. Snowball sampling
> Correct ANS: C. Random sampling
> Rationale: Random sampling ensures that every individual in the
target population has an equal chance of being selected, thereby
©2025
