1. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
2. What is the priority intervention when caring for a client who is
NPO and receiving enteral nutrition via a gastrostomy tube?
A. Measure weight weekly
B. Check gastric residual before feeding
C. Monitor intake and output
D. Flush the tube once daily
Answer: B. Check gastric residual before feeding
Rationale: Checking residual helps assess tolerance and prevent
aspiration or overfeeding.
3. A nurse is reviewing the lab values of a client who has iron deficiency
anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Increased hematocrit
B. Decreased ferritin
C. Elevated transferrin saturation
D. Increased hemoglobin
Answer: B. Decreased ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects iron stores, and it is typically decreased in
iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit may also be low;
transferrin saturation is usually decreased, not elevated.
4. Which food item is appropriate for a client on a clear liquid diet?
,A. Milkshake
B. Gelatin
C. Yogurt
D. Ice cream
Answer: B. Gelatin
Rationale: Clear liquid diets include transparent liquids like broth,
gelatin, and clear juices.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has dysphagia. Which of the
following interventions is appropriate?
A. Offer fluids through a straw
B. Provide thin liquids
C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
D. Encourage self-feeding
Answer: C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
Rationale: Chin-tuck helps reduce aspiration risk. Thickened liquids are
usually safer than thin ones; straws can increase aspiration risk.
6. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
7. A nurse is teaching a client about complete proteins. Which of the
following foods should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Lentils
B. Brown rice
C. Soybeans
, D. Peanut butter
Answer: C. Soybeans
Rationale: Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids.
Soybeans are a plant-based complete protein source. Lentils, rice, and
peanut butter are incomplete proteins.
8. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
9. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
10. A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with chronic
kidney disease. Which should be limited?
A. Potassium
B. Iron
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin D
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium can accumulate in CKD and cause dangerous
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
2. What is the priority intervention when caring for a client who is
NPO and receiving enteral nutrition via a gastrostomy tube?
A. Measure weight weekly
B. Check gastric residual before feeding
C. Monitor intake and output
D. Flush the tube once daily
Answer: B. Check gastric residual before feeding
Rationale: Checking residual helps assess tolerance and prevent
aspiration or overfeeding.
3. A nurse is reviewing the lab values of a client who has iron deficiency
anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Increased hematocrit
B. Decreased ferritin
C. Elevated transferrin saturation
D. Increased hemoglobin
Answer: B. Decreased ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects iron stores, and it is typically decreased in
iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit may also be low;
transferrin saturation is usually decreased, not elevated.
4. Which food item is appropriate for a client on a clear liquid diet?
,A. Milkshake
B. Gelatin
C. Yogurt
D. Ice cream
Answer: B. Gelatin
Rationale: Clear liquid diets include transparent liquids like broth,
gelatin, and clear juices.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has dysphagia. Which of the
following interventions is appropriate?
A. Offer fluids through a straw
B. Provide thin liquids
C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
D. Encourage self-feeding
Answer: C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
Rationale: Chin-tuck helps reduce aspiration risk. Thickened liquids are
usually safer than thin ones; straws can increase aspiration risk.
6. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
7. A nurse is teaching a client about complete proteins. Which of the
following foods should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Lentils
B. Brown rice
C. Soybeans
, D. Peanut butter
Answer: C. Soybeans
Rationale: Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids.
Soybeans are a plant-based complete protein source. Lentils, rice, and
peanut butter are incomplete proteins.
8. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
9. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
10. A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with chronic
kidney disease. Which should be limited?
A. Potassium
B. Iron
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin D
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium can accumulate in CKD and cause dangerous
