1. Which of the following clients has an increased protein requirement?
A. A 70-year-old with osteoporosis
B. A client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease
C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
D. A client with hyperlipidemia
Answer: C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
Rationale: Pregnancy increases protein needs to support fetal growth.
CKD patients may need protein restriction, and protein is not the
priority for osteoporosis or hyperlipidemia management.
2. A nurse is educating a client about potassium-rich foods. Which
statement indicates understanding?
A. “I will eat more canned soups.”
B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
C. “I should eat white bread.”
D. “I’ll drink cranberry juice.”
Answer: B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
Rationale: Dried apricots, bananas, and potatoes are excellent sources
of potassium.
3. A nurse is teaching a client with dumping syndrome to avoid which
of the following?
A. Lean meats
B. Complex carbohydrates
C. Sugary foods
D. Fiber-rich foods
Answer: C. Sugary foods
Rationale: Simple sugars worsen dumping syndrome by pulling fluid
into the intestines too quickly.
4. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
,electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
5. Which is the best snack option for a toddler?
A. Raw carrots
B. Popcorn
C. Cheese cubes
D. Whole grapes
Answer: C. Cheese cubes
Rationale: Cheese is safe and nutritious. Carrots, popcorn, and whole
grapes are choking hazards for toddlers.
6. A nurse is reviewing nutritional recommendations for older adults.
Which of the following changes is related to aging?
A. Increased calorie needs
B. Increased sense of thirst
C. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
D. Increased taste sensitivity
Answer: C. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
Rationale: Older adults often have reduced intrinsic factor, leading to
lower B12 absorption.
7. Which food choice supports iron absorption in a client taking oral
iron supplements?
A. Milk
B. Coffee
C. Orange juice
, D. Green tea
Answer: C. Orange juice
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Milk and tannins in
coffee/tea inhibit absorption.
8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
9. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
10. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
A. A 70-year-old with osteoporosis
B. A client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease
C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
D. A client with hyperlipidemia
Answer: C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
Rationale: Pregnancy increases protein needs to support fetal growth.
CKD patients may need protein restriction, and protein is not the
priority for osteoporosis or hyperlipidemia management.
2. A nurse is educating a client about potassium-rich foods. Which
statement indicates understanding?
A. “I will eat more canned soups.”
B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
C. “I should eat white bread.”
D. “I’ll drink cranberry juice.”
Answer: B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
Rationale: Dried apricots, bananas, and potatoes are excellent sources
of potassium.
3. A nurse is teaching a client with dumping syndrome to avoid which
of the following?
A. Lean meats
B. Complex carbohydrates
C. Sugary foods
D. Fiber-rich foods
Answer: C. Sugary foods
Rationale: Simple sugars worsen dumping syndrome by pulling fluid
into the intestines too quickly.
4. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
,electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
5. Which is the best snack option for a toddler?
A. Raw carrots
B. Popcorn
C. Cheese cubes
D. Whole grapes
Answer: C. Cheese cubes
Rationale: Cheese is safe and nutritious. Carrots, popcorn, and whole
grapes are choking hazards for toddlers.
6. A nurse is reviewing nutritional recommendations for older adults.
Which of the following changes is related to aging?
A. Increased calorie needs
B. Increased sense of thirst
C. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
D. Increased taste sensitivity
Answer: C. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
Rationale: Older adults often have reduced intrinsic factor, leading to
lower B12 absorption.
7. Which food choice supports iron absorption in a client taking oral
iron supplements?
A. Milk
B. Coffee
C. Orange juice
, D. Green tea
Answer: C. Orange juice
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Milk and tannins in
coffee/tea inhibit absorption.
8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
9. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
10. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
