1. Which of the following clients has an increased protein requirement?
A. A 70-year-old with osteoporosis
B. A client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease
C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
D. A client with hyperlipidemia
Answer: C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
Rationale: Pregnancy increases protein needs to support fetal growth.
CKD patients may need protein restriction, and protein is not the
priority for osteoporosis or hyperlipidemia management.
2. A nurse is assessing a client with signs of hypocalcemia. Which of
the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypoactive reflexes
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
Rationale: A positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the cheek
is tapped) indicates neuromuscular excitability from low calcium.
3. A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with chronic
kidney disease. Which should be limited?
A. Potassium
B. Iron
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin D
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium can accumulate in CKD and cause dangerous
arrhythmias; intake must often be restricted.
4. A nurse is teaching a client with dumping syndrome to avoid which
,of the following?
A. Lean meats
B. Complex carbohydrates
C. Sugary foods
D. Fiber-rich foods
Answer: C. Sugary foods
Rationale: Simple sugars worsen dumping syndrome by pulling fluid
into the intestines too quickly.
5. Which lab result indicates malnutrition?
A. Elevated albumin
B. Decreased prealbumin
C. High cholesterol
D. Elevated creatinine
Answer: B. Decreased prealbumin
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive marker of protein malnutrition and
responds quickly to changes in nutritional status.
6. A nurse is assessing a client who has dysphagia. Which of the
following interventions is appropriate?
A. Offer fluids through a straw
B. Provide thin liquids
C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
D. Encourage self-feeding
Answer: C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
Rationale: Chin-tuck helps reduce aspiration risk. Thickened liquids are
usually safer than thin ones; straws can increase aspiration risk.
7. Which client statement indicates understanding of the gluten-free
diet for celiac disease?
A. “I can eat whole-wheat bread.”
B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
C. “I should avoid rice.”
, D. “I can eat barley soup.”
Answer: B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
Rationale: Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Rice is gluten-free
and allowed.
8. A nurse is reinforcing education about nutrition for a client with
COPD. Which of the following is appropriate?
A. High carbohydrate intake
B. Low protein diet
C. High-calorie, high-protein meals
D. Frequent, high-fiber meals
Answer: C. High-calorie, high-protein meals
Rationale: COPD increases energy expenditure; clients benefit from
nutrient-dense, high-calorie and high-protein meals.
9. A nurse is planning care for a client who is newly diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the
teaching plan?
A. “Avoid all carbohydrates.”
B. “Use regular soda to treat low blood sugar.”
C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
D. “Choose foods with high glycemic index.”
Answer: C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
Rationale: Consistent meal timing helps manage blood glucose levels
effectively. Carbs should be balanced, not eliminated.
10. Which food should a nurse suggest for a client needing increased
dietary fiber?
A. White rice
B. Apples with skin
C. Chicken breast
D. Eggs
Answer: B. Apples with skin
A. A 70-year-old with osteoporosis
B. A client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease
C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
D. A client with hyperlipidemia
Answer: C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
Rationale: Pregnancy increases protein needs to support fetal growth.
CKD patients may need protein restriction, and protein is not the
priority for osteoporosis or hyperlipidemia management.
2. A nurse is assessing a client with signs of hypocalcemia. Which of
the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypoactive reflexes
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
Rationale: A positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the cheek
is tapped) indicates neuromuscular excitability from low calcium.
3. A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with chronic
kidney disease. Which should be limited?
A. Potassium
B. Iron
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin D
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium can accumulate in CKD and cause dangerous
arrhythmias; intake must often be restricted.
4. A nurse is teaching a client with dumping syndrome to avoid which
,of the following?
A. Lean meats
B. Complex carbohydrates
C. Sugary foods
D. Fiber-rich foods
Answer: C. Sugary foods
Rationale: Simple sugars worsen dumping syndrome by pulling fluid
into the intestines too quickly.
5. Which lab result indicates malnutrition?
A. Elevated albumin
B. Decreased prealbumin
C. High cholesterol
D. Elevated creatinine
Answer: B. Decreased prealbumin
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive marker of protein malnutrition and
responds quickly to changes in nutritional status.
6. A nurse is assessing a client who has dysphagia. Which of the
following interventions is appropriate?
A. Offer fluids through a straw
B. Provide thin liquids
C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
D. Encourage self-feeding
Answer: C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
Rationale: Chin-tuck helps reduce aspiration risk. Thickened liquids are
usually safer than thin ones; straws can increase aspiration risk.
7. Which client statement indicates understanding of the gluten-free
diet for celiac disease?
A. “I can eat whole-wheat bread.”
B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
C. “I should avoid rice.”
, D. “I can eat barley soup.”
Answer: B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
Rationale: Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Rice is gluten-free
and allowed.
8. A nurse is reinforcing education about nutrition for a client with
COPD. Which of the following is appropriate?
A. High carbohydrate intake
B. Low protein diet
C. High-calorie, high-protein meals
D. Frequent, high-fiber meals
Answer: C. High-calorie, high-protein meals
Rationale: COPD increases energy expenditure; clients benefit from
nutrient-dense, high-calorie and high-protein meals.
9. A nurse is planning care for a client who is newly diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the
teaching plan?
A. “Avoid all carbohydrates.”
B. “Use regular soda to treat low blood sugar.”
C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
D. “Choose foods with high glycemic index.”
Answer: C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
Rationale: Consistent meal timing helps manage blood glucose levels
effectively. Carbs should be balanced, not eliminated.
10. Which food should a nurse suggest for a client needing increased
dietary fiber?
A. White rice
B. Apples with skin
C. Chicken breast
D. Eggs
Answer: B. Apples with skin
