1. Which mineral is important in preventing osteoporosis?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Calcium
Rationale: Calcium, along with vitamin D, is crucial for bone health and
osteoporosis prevention.
2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
3. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
4. Which of the following is the best source of folic acid for a client
planning to become pregnant?
A. Liver
,B. Citrus fruits
C. Leafy green vegetables
D. Fortified cereals
Answer: D. Fortified cereals
Rationale: Fortified cereals are rich in folic acid and are recommended
for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects.
5. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
6. Which food should be avoided by a client on a tyramine-restricted
diet for MAOIs?
A. Cheddar cheese
B. Banana
C. Apple
D. White bread
Answer: A. Cheddar cheese
Rationale: Aged cheeses are high in tyramine and can trigger
hypertensive crisis when taken with MAOIs.
7. Which intervention helps reduce the risk of aspiration during enteral
feedings?
A. Infuse feedings rapidly
B. Lower the head of bed
C. Keep client supine during feeding
D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Answer: D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
, Rationale: Keeping the head elevated during and after feeding reduces
aspiration risk.
8. A nurse is teaching a client with dumping syndrome to avoid which
of the following?
A. Lean meats
B. Complex carbohydrates
C. Sugary foods
D. Fiber-rich foods
Answer: C. Sugary foods
Rationale: Simple sugars worsen dumping syndrome by pulling fluid
into the intestines too quickly.
9. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
10. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Calcium
Rationale: Calcium, along with vitamin D, is crucial for bone health and
osteoporosis prevention.
2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
3. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
4. Which of the following is the best source of folic acid for a client
planning to become pregnant?
A. Liver
,B. Citrus fruits
C. Leafy green vegetables
D. Fortified cereals
Answer: D. Fortified cereals
Rationale: Fortified cereals are rich in folic acid and are recommended
for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects.
5. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
6. Which food should be avoided by a client on a tyramine-restricted
diet for MAOIs?
A. Cheddar cheese
B. Banana
C. Apple
D. White bread
Answer: A. Cheddar cheese
Rationale: Aged cheeses are high in tyramine and can trigger
hypertensive crisis when taken with MAOIs.
7. Which intervention helps reduce the risk of aspiration during enteral
feedings?
A. Infuse feedings rapidly
B. Lower the head of bed
C. Keep client supine during feeding
D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Answer: D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
, Rationale: Keeping the head elevated during and after feeding reduces
aspiration risk.
8. A nurse is teaching a client with dumping syndrome to avoid which
of the following?
A. Lean meats
B. Complex carbohydrates
C. Sugary foods
D. Fiber-rich foods
Answer: C. Sugary foods
Rationale: Simple sugars worsen dumping syndrome by pulling fluid
into the intestines too quickly.
9. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
10. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
