NUR 2063 - EXAM 2 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
GRADED A+
What causes rigid abdomen in Peritonitis? ( correct answers ) Develops
because of a reflexive abdominal muscle spasm that occurs. Inflamed tissue
creates abdominal tenderness and pain that worsen with movement
What disorder results in Mechanical Bowel Obstruction? ( correct answers )
Intestinal Obstruction
The cause of Hiatal Hernia ( correct answers ) Occurs when a section of the
stomach protrudes upward through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm
toward the thoracic cavity. The hiatus develops from weakening of the
diaphragm muscle, frequently resulting from increased intrathoracic
pressure (e.g., coughing, vomiting, or straining to defecate) or increased
intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., pregnancy and obesity). Other causes of a
hiatus include trauma and congenital defects.
Cause of diarrhea with antibiotic ingestion ( correct answers ) Antibiotics
destroy some of these bacteria, which allow other types to grow too much. In
some cases, antibiotics can allow a type of bacteria called Clostridioides
difficile to grow too much. This can lead to severe, watery, and often bloody
diarrhea called pseudomembranous colitis
Causative of Peptic Ulcer Disease ( correct answers ) Develops because of
an imbalance between destructive forces (e.g., excess acid production) and
protective mechanisms (e.g., decreased mucus production) induced by a
secondary process rather than an innate defect. The most common causes of
peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)
GRADED A+
,Cause of Chronic Pancreatitis ( correct answers ) Alcoholism
Define Intussusception ( correct answers ) Telescoping of a portion of the
intestine into another portion
Cause of Heartburn ( correct answers ) Occurs when the lower esophageal
sphincter relaxes, allowing the acidic contents of the stomach to reflux into
the esophagus. The most common cause is food that's acidic or high in fat—
like citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and
peppermint. Spicy foods or large meals can also be the root of distress.
Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or ibuprofen, as well as some
sedatives and blood pressure medications.
Fecal Impaction/Mechanical Bowel Obstruction ( correct answers ) Colon
narrowed by scar tissue, Diverticulum filled with feces, Inflammation,
Telescoping of ileum inside adjacent section of colon, Blood vessels drawn in
between layers and compressed, and Ileum appendix
Cause of Acute Pancreatitis ( correct answers ) Cholelithiasis
Hepatitis A-E ( correct answers ) See notes
Cleft Lip and Palate ( correct answers ) Cleft lip and palate are birth defects
that occur when soft tissues of the lip or mouth do not form properly. Cleft lip
and palate may occur either together or separately. These conditions usually
develop in the second month of pregnancy, when the fetus's facial structures
are forming. Every year in the United States, approximately 2,650 babies are
born with cleft palate and approximately 4,440 babies are born with a cleft
lip with or without a cleft palate. Maternal smoking, preexisting diabetes, and
seizure medication use (especially in the first trimester) are significant risk
factors. Additionally, these defects are more prevalent in Native Americans
and Asian Americans, with African Americans having the lowest prevalence.
The deformities with cleft lip and palate may be unilateral or bilateral. The
severity of the deformity ranges from a mild notch to involvement of the lip,
GRADED A+
, palate, and tongue (FIGURE 1-33). Feeding and nutritional issues may occur
because of these structural problems, which affect the ability to nurse and
eat.
Clinical Manifestations of Appendicitis ( correct answers ) The first
symptom is often pain near the umbilicus. As swelling increases, the pain
tends to move to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen (McBurney point).
The pain gradually intensifies over approximately 12-24 hours. It is often
aggravated by movement, so patients tend to guard their abdomen. Due to
normal anatomic variations, this pain may occur anywhere in the abdomen.
The pain will temporarily subside if the appendix ruptures but then will return
and escalate as peritonitis develops. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
distention, and bowel pattern changes can also be associated with
appendicitis. Other manifestations reflect the inflammation and infectious
process (e.g., fever, chills, and leukocytosis). Additionally, the patient should
be monitored for signs and symptoms of peritonitis (e.g., abdominal rigidity,
tachycardia, and hypotension)
Complications and Clinical Manifestations of GERD ( correct answers )
Clinical manifestations include heartburn (early), epigastric pain (usually
after a meal or when recombinant), dysphagia, odynophagia, nausea (usually
after eating), dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and
sensation of a lump in the throat. GERD can result in esophagitis, strictures,
ulcerations, esophageal hemorrhage, Barrett esophagus (precancerous
changes), esophageal cancer (usually adenocarcinoma), and chronic
pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma
Consequences of gastroenteritis ( correct answers ) Refers to inflammation
of the stomach and intestines usually resulting from an infection or allergic
reaction.
Clinical manifestations of bile duct obstruction ( correct answers )
Abdominal pain in the upper right side.
Dark urine.
Fever.
Itching.
GRADED A+
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
GRADED A+
What causes rigid abdomen in Peritonitis? ( correct answers ) Develops
because of a reflexive abdominal muscle spasm that occurs. Inflamed tissue
creates abdominal tenderness and pain that worsen with movement
What disorder results in Mechanical Bowel Obstruction? ( correct answers )
Intestinal Obstruction
The cause of Hiatal Hernia ( correct answers ) Occurs when a section of the
stomach protrudes upward through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm
toward the thoracic cavity. The hiatus develops from weakening of the
diaphragm muscle, frequently resulting from increased intrathoracic
pressure (e.g., coughing, vomiting, or straining to defecate) or increased
intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., pregnancy and obesity). Other causes of a
hiatus include trauma and congenital defects.
Cause of diarrhea with antibiotic ingestion ( correct answers ) Antibiotics
destroy some of these bacteria, which allow other types to grow too much. In
some cases, antibiotics can allow a type of bacteria called Clostridioides
difficile to grow too much. This can lead to severe, watery, and often bloody
diarrhea called pseudomembranous colitis
Causative of Peptic Ulcer Disease ( correct answers ) Develops because of
an imbalance between destructive forces (e.g., excess acid production) and
protective mechanisms (e.g., decreased mucus production) induced by a
secondary process rather than an innate defect. The most common causes of
peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)
GRADED A+
,Cause of Chronic Pancreatitis ( correct answers ) Alcoholism
Define Intussusception ( correct answers ) Telescoping of a portion of the
intestine into another portion
Cause of Heartburn ( correct answers ) Occurs when the lower esophageal
sphincter relaxes, allowing the acidic contents of the stomach to reflux into
the esophagus. The most common cause is food that's acidic or high in fat—
like citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, chocolate, coffee, cheese, and
peppermint. Spicy foods or large meals can also be the root of distress.
Other sources of heartburn include aspirin or ibuprofen, as well as some
sedatives and blood pressure medications.
Fecal Impaction/Mechanical Bowel Obstruction ( correct answers ) Colon
narrowed by scar tissue, Diverticulum filled with feces, Inflammation,
Telescoping of ileum inside adjacent section of colon, Blood vessels drawn in
between layers and compressed, and Ileum appendix
Cause of Acute Pancreatitis ( correct answers ) Cholelithiasis
Hepatitis A-E ( correct answers ) See notes
Cleft Lip and Palate ( correct answers ) Cleft lip and palate are birth defects
that occur when soft tissues of the lip or mouth do not form properly. Cleft lip
and palate may occur either together or separately. These conditions usually
develop in the second month of pregnancy, when the fetus's facial structures
are forming. Every year in the United States, approximately 2,650 babies are
born with cleft palate and approximately 4,440 babies are born with a cleft
lip with or without a cleft palate. Maternal smoking, preexisting diabetes, and
seizure medication use (especially in the first trimester) are significant risk
factors. Additionally, these defects are more prevalent in Native Americans
and Asian Americans, with African Americans having the lowest prevalence.
The deformities with cleft lip and palate may be unilateral or bilateral. The
severity of the deformity ranges from a mild notch to involvement of the lip,
GRADED A+
, palate, and tongue (FIGURE 1-33). Feeding and nutritional issues may occur
because of these structural problems, which affect the ability to nurse and
eat.
Clinical Manifestations of Appendicitis ( correct answers ) The first
symptom is often pain near the umbilicus. As swelling increases, the pain
tends to move to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen (McBurney point).
The pain gradually intensifies over approximately 12-24 hours. It is often
aggravated by movement, so patients tend to guard their abdomen. Due to
normal anatomic variations, this pain may occur anywhere in the abdomen.
The pain will temporarily subside if the appendix ruptures but then will return
and escalate as peritonitis develops. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
distention, and bowel pattern changes can also be associated with
appendicitis. Other manifestations reflect the inflammation and infectious
process (e.g., fever, chills, and leukocytosis). Additionally, the patient should
be monitored for signs and symptoms of peritonitis (e.g., abdominal rigidity,
tachycardia, and hypotension)
Complications and Clinical Manifestations of GERD ( correct answers )
Clinical manifestations include heartburn (early), epigastric pain (usually
after a meal or when recombinant), dysphagia, odynophagia, nausea (usually
after eating), dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and
sensation of a lump in the throat. GERD can result in esophagitis, strictures,
ulcerations, esophageal hemorrhage, Barrett esophagus (precancerous
changes), esophageal cancer (usually adenocarcinoma), and chronic
pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma
Consequences of gastroenteritis ( correct answers ) Refers to inflammation
of the stomach and intestines usually resulting from an infection or allergic
reaction.
Clinical manifestations of bile duct obstruction ( correct answers )
Abdominal pain in the upper right side.
Dark urine.
Fever.
Itching.
GRADED A+
