CHEM Thermodynamics Final Exam
2025-2026 || Questions & Answers (100%
Verified)
State of a System - ANSWER - A description of its condition, by a list of values of its
properties
Extensive Thermodynamic Property - ANSWER - Property that depends on the extent
(size, mass) of the system (substance)
Intensive Thermodynamic Property - ANSWER - Property that does not depend on the
extent of the system
Steady State - ANSWER - No properties of the system change with time
State the second law in terms of entropy behavior - ANSWER - All natural energy
conversion and transport processes proceed in a direction such that there will be an
increase in the entropy of the universe
Third Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER - A perfect crystalline solid at T=0 (Rankine -
absolute zero) has zero entropy, s
Process - ANSWER - Path of successive thermodynamic states through which a
thermodynamic system passes
Thermodynamic Cycle - ANSWER - A series of thermodynamic processes where the
final state of a thermodynamic system is the same as the initial state
Carnot Cycle - ANSWER - The most efficient cycle possible operating between two
temperatures without violating the second law
Adiabatic - ANSWER - No EXTERNAL heat transfer
What is the basis of theoretical models? - ANSWER - Experimentation and observation
What are the reason for model inaccuracies? List reasons for each - ANSWER -
Intentional - keep things simple
Unintentional - ignorance, variables not being considered, uncertainties
What is a simple definition of science? - ANSWER - The study of cause and effect
, List the fundamental dimensions - ANSWER - Length, time, mass, charge, and
temperature
List some secondary dimensions - ANSWER - Pressure, volume, density, area
What are the three distinctly different mechanisms for the transfer of energy into or out
of a thermodynamic system? - ANSWER - Heat transfer, work, convection
Convection (Em) - ANSWER - Macroscopic mechanism by which energy is transferred
to or from a thermodynamic system as a result of mass transfer
What are the restrictions to the conservation of mass? - ANSWER - Nuclear reactions
Isothermal - ANSWER - Constant temperature
Energy - ANSWER - The capacity to produce change
Thermodynamics - ANSWER - Therme (heat, fire) dynamis (power)
Model - ANSWER - Approximate representation of a physical reality
Physical Quantity - ANSWER - Something that can be measured directly or indirectly
Units - ANSWER - A specific amount of a physical quantity
Newton - ANSWER - The amount necessary to accelerate 1kg to 1m/s^2
Pound-force - ANSWER - The amount necessary to accelerate 1slug or 1lb-mass
1ft/s^2
System - ANSWER - An arbitrary segregation of matter in space
Thermodynamic Property - ANSWER - Physical quantity that represents a unique
characteristic of a thermodynamic system
What are the thermodynamic properties? - ANSWER - Temperature, pressure, volume,
geometry, mass, density, color
Macroscopic Property - ANSWER - A measurable property of sufficient volume and
density such that the existence of individual molecules cannot be detected
Energy Transfers - ANSWER - Mechanisms for transferring energy across system
boundaries
Work - ANSWER - Energy ransomer resulting from a force acting through a
displacement
2025-2026 || Questions & Answers (100%
Verified)
State of a System - ANSWER - A description of its condition, by a list of values of its
properties
Extensive Thermodynamic Property - ANSWER - Property that depends on the extent
(size, mass) of the system (substance)
Intensive Thermodynamic Property - ANSWER - Property that does not depend on the
extent of the system
Steady State - ANSWER - No properties of the system change with time
State the second law in terms of entropy behavior - ANSWER - All natural energy
conversion and transport processes proceed in a direction such that there will be an
increase in the entropy of the universe
Third Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER - A perfect crystalline solid at T=0 (Rankine -
absolute zero) has zero entropy, s
Process - ANSWER - Path of successive thermodynamic states through which a
thermodynamic system passes
Thermodynamic Cycle - ANSWER - A series of thermodynamic processes where the
final state of a thermodynamic system is the same as the initial state
Carnot Cycle - ANSWER - The most efficient cycle possible operating between two
temperatures without violating the second law
Adiabatic - ANSWER - No EXTERNAL heat transfer
What is the basis of theoretical models? - ANSWER - Experimentation and observation
What are the reason for model inaccuracies? List reasons for each - ANSWER -
Intentional - keep things simple
Unintentional - ignorance, variables not being considered, uncertainties
What is a simple definition of science? - ANSWER - The study of cause and effect
, List the fundamental dimensions - ANSWER - Length, time, mass, charge, and
temperature
List some secondary dimensions - ANSWER - Pressure, volume, density, area
What are the three distinctly different mechanisms for the transfer of energy into or out
of a thermodynamic system? - ANSWER - Heat transfer, work, convection
Convection (Em) - ANSWER - Macroscopic mechanism by which energy is transferred
to or from a thermodynamic system as a result of mass transfer
What are the restrictions to the conservation of mass? - ANSWER - Nuclear reactions
Isothermal - ANSWER - Constant temperature
Energy - ANSWER - The capacity to produce change
Thermodynamics - ANSWER - Therme (heat, fire) dynamis (power)
Model - ANSWER - Approximate representation of a physical reality
Physical Quantity - ANSWER - Something that can be measured directly or indirectly
Units - ANSWER - A specific amount of a physical quantity
Newton - ANSWER - The amount necessary to accelerate 1kg to 1m/s^2
Pound-force - ANSWER - The amount necessary to accelerate 1slug or 1lb-mass
1ft/s^2
System - ANSWER - An arbitrary segregation of matter in space
Thermodynamic Property - ANSWER - Physical quantity that represents a unique
characteristic of a thermodynamic system
What are the thermodynamic properties? - ANSWER - Temperature, pressure, volume,
geometry, mass, density, color
Macroscopic Property - ANSWER - A measurable property of sufficient volume and
density such that the existence of individual molecules cannot be detected
Energy Transfers - ANSWER - Mechanisms for transferring energy across system
boundaries
Work - ANSWER - Energy ransomer resulting from a force acting through a
displacement
