Biology 198: Module 3 Exam Actual
study with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
cell theory - ANSW-idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
endosymbiotic theory - ANSW-eukaryotes may have been a product of one cell engulfing another, one
living within another, and evolving over time until the separate cells were no longer recognizable
evidence of endosymbiotic theory - ANSW-Eukaryotes consumed prokaryotes (leading to mitochondria),
or eukaryote consumed photosynthetic bacteria.
What structures of a cell can be seen with a light microscope? - ANSW-Still living parts or entire
organisms (e.g. plant cell, red blood cells, flu, E. Coli)
What structures of a cell can only be seen in an electron microscope? - ANSW-Not living, seen as black
and white (e.g. antibodies, DNA, hemoglobin)
Prokaryote - ANSW-A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Cytoplasmic streaming - ANSW-circular flow of cytoplasm within cells, important in the distribution of
materials within and between cells
Cytoplasm - ANSW-A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cell wall - ANSW-strong, supporting layer surrounding plasma membrane in some cells; made of
cellulose; helps maintain cell shape; rigid covering that protects cell
Plasma membrane - ANSW-The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier,
thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition; transportation
Central vacuole - ANSW-A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction,
growth, and development
Chloroplast - ANSW-Site of photosynthesis
Nucleus - ANSW-Houses DNA and RNA, directs ribosome and protein synthesis
Nucleolus - ANSW-Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Flagella - ANSW-Whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement
Cilia - ANSW-Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSW-Has ribosomes; protein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSW-No ribosomes; lipid synthesis
Mitochondria - ANSW-Found in all eukaryotes, contain their own DNA, generates energy in the form of
ATP
, Golgi complex - ANSW-Organelle that modifies, packages, and transports material (e.g. proteins, lipids)
out of the cell
Vacuole - ANSW-Support, storage, and protection
Ribosomes - ANSW-Site of protein synthesis
Cytoskeleton - ANSW-A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape,
and aids in movement/division
What is the theory presented by Lynn Margulis that explains the origins of mitochondria and
chloroplasts? - ANSW-Endosymbiotic theory
What do all cells have? - ANSW-Cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes
What types of cells have an endoplasmic reticulum? - ANSW-Cells with a nucleus
What types of cells have a Golgi complex? - ANSW-All eukaryotic cells except red blood cells
What are the four types of biological macromolecules? - ANSW-Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
Carbohydrates - ANSW-Starch and sugars
Function of carbohydrates - ANSW-Quick energy source, structure, energy storage
Location of carbohydrates - ANSW-Cytoplasm, cell walls
Function of lipids - ANSW-Energy storage, membrane stabilization, water proofing, sex hormones
Location of lipids - ANSW-Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, excreted
Function of proteins - ANSW-Movement, immunity, energy source, enzymes, structural support,
communication, hormones
Location of proteins - ANSW-All parts of a cell
Function of nucleic acids - ANSW-Store and use of genetic information
Location of nucleic acids - ANSW-DNA (nucleus), RNA (cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum)
What does pH measure? - ANSW-Acidity; Concentration of hydrogen ions
Why is it important to consider pH? - ANSW-It can denature protons
What is the pH of pure water? - ANSW-7 (neutral)
Condensation - ANSW-Water is released into the solution (monomers condense to form one polymer)
Hydrolysis - ANSW-Water is removed from the solution (a polymer is broken down to form monomers,
water is broken apart to form OH and H that attach to monomers)
Hydrophobic - ANSW-repels water
Hydrophilic - ANSW-attracts water
study with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
cell theory - ANSW-idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
endosymbiotic theory - ANSW-eukaryotes may have been a product of one cell engulfing another, one
living within another, and evolving over time until the separate cells were no longer recognizable
evidence of endosymbiotic theory - ANSW-Eukaryotes consumed prokaryotes (leading to mitochondria),
or eukaryote consumed photosynthetic bacteria.
What structures of a cell can be seen with a light microscope? - ANSW-Still living parts or entire
organisms (e.g. plant cell, red blood cells, flu, E. Coli)
What structures of a cell can only be seen in an electron microscope? - ANSW-Not living, seen as black
and white (e.g. antibodies, DNA, hemoglobin)
Prokaryote - ANSW-A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Cytoplasmic streaming - ANSW-circular flow of cytoplasm within cells, important in the distribution of
materials within and between cells
Cytoplasm - ANSW-A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cell wall - ANSW-strong, supporting layer surrounding plasma membrane in some cells; made of
cellulose; helps maintain cell shape; rigid covering that protects cell
Plasma membrane - ANSW-The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier,
thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition; transportation
Central vacuole - ANSW-A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction,
growth, and development
Chloroplast - ANSW-Site of photosynthesis
Nucleus - ANSW-Houses DNA and RNA, directs ribosome and protein synthesis
Nucleolus - ANSW-Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Flagella - ANSW-Whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement
Cilia - ANSW-Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSW-Has ribosomes; protein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSW-No ribosomes; lipid synthesis
Mitochondria - ANSW-Found in all eukaryotes, contain their own DNA, generates energy in the form of
ATP
, Golgi complex - ANSW-Organelle that modifies, packages, and transports material (e.g. proteins, lipids)
out of the cell
Vacuole - ANSW-Support, storage, and protection
Ribosomes - ANSW-Site of protein synthesis
Cytoskeleton - ANSW-A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape,
and aids in movement/division
What is the theory presented by Lynn Margulis that explains the origins of mitochondria and
chloroplasts? - ANSW-Endosymbiotic theory
What do all cells have? - ANSW-Cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes
What types of cells have an endoplasmic reticulum? - ANSW-Cells with a nucleus
What types of cells have a Golgi complex? - ANSW-All eukaryotic cells except red blood cells
What are the four types of biological macromolecules? - ANSW-Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
Carbohydrates - ANSW-Starch and sugars
Function of carbohydrates - ANSW-Quick energy source, structure, energy storage
Location of carbohydrates - ANSW-Cytoplasm, cell walls
Function of lipids - ANSW-Energy storage, membrane stabilization, water proofing, sex hormones
Location of lipids - ANSW-Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, excreted
Function of proteins - ANSW-Movement, immunity, energy source, enzymes, structural support,
communication, hormones
Location of proteins - ANSW-All parts of a cell
Function of nucleic acids - ANSW-Store and use of genetic information
Location of nucleic acids - ANSW-DNA (nucleus), RNA (cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum)
What does pH measure? - ANSW-Acidity; Concentration of hydrogen ions
Why is it important to consider pH? - ANSW-It can denature protons
What is the pH of pure water? - ANSW-7 (neutral)
Condensation - ANSW-Water is released into the solution (monomers condense to form one polymer)
Hydrolysis - ANSW-Water is removed from the solution (a polymer is broken down to form monomers,
water is broken apart to form OH and H that attach to monomers)
Hydrophobic - ANSW-repels water
Hydrophilic - ANSW-attracts water
