FCCN level 1 Exam 2025 Questions and
Answers
minimum urine output for adult - ANSWER✔✔-0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ANSWER✔✔-- water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - ANSWER✔✔-- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum
osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ANSWER✔✔-- cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER✔✔-- forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into
the tissue spaces
colloid osmotic pressure - ANSWER✔✔-- pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy - ANSWER✔✔-- replaces normal ongoing losses of water and
electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
replacement therapy - ANSWER✔✔-- corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
isotonic fluids - ANSWER✔✔-- tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, - NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids - ANSWER✔✔-- lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid - ANSWER✔✔-- higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
colloids - ANSWER✔✔-- pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Answers
minimum urine output for adult - ANSWER✔✔-0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ANSWER✔✔-- water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway - ANSWER✔✔-- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum
osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ANSWER✔✔-- cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER✔✔-- forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into
the tissue spaces
colloid osmotic pressure - ANSWER✔✔-- pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
maintenance fluid therapy - ANSWER✔✔-- replaces normal ongoing losses of water and
electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
replacement therapy - ANSWER✔✔-- corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
isotonic fluids - ANSWER✔✔-- tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, - NS
- D5W
hypotonic fluids - ANSWER✔✔-- lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
hypertonic fluid - ANSWER✔✔-- higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
- D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
colloids - ANSWER✔✔-- pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
