Portage Learning Microbiology BIOD 171 module 2 Questions and Answers
Metabolism is a controlled set of bio-
What is cellular metabolism? chemical reactions that occur in living
organisms in order to maintain life
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
Most notably, the enzyme is not con-
sumed during the reaction and can be
What is the primary function of enzymes, used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes
and how are they regulated? can also be regulated by a cofactor such
that in the absence of the proper co-
factor, enzymes are inactive while in its
presence enzymes are active.
Catabolism is the process of breaking
down larger molecules into useful energy
sources whereas anabolism is the build-
What is the difference between catabo-
ing up or biosynthesis od macromole-
lism and anabolism?
cules from smaller molecular units into
larger complexes, most often associated
with cellular growth and repair
ATP has the energy to , while
Donate, accept
ADP has the capacity to energy.
Chemotrophs, which acquire energy
from preformed chemicals found in the
environment, can be divided into either
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into
organotrophs (removing electrons from
what two additional subgroups?
organic molecules such as glucose) or
lithotrophs, which remove electrons from
inorganic molecules
Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphory-
lation (may also accept substrate level
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phos- phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphory-
phorylation? lation utilizes the energy released by the
chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform
ATP
Glycolysis is the first step of this process
and yields 2 molecules of ATP. Next, by
either fermentation (or respiration) 2 ad-
ditional molecules of ATP can be pro-
, duces. Last, the electron transport chain
What are the three distinct stages in the (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an oxida-
catabolism of glucose? tive phosphorylation event at the plasma
membrane.
Reactants are defined as any molecules
present and involved at the beginning of
a specific chemical reaction (ie) glycol-
ysis. In terms of writing out a chemical
What are the reactants of glycolysis?
reaction, the reactants are everything lo-
cated to the left of the arrow. The reac-
tants of glycolysis are glucose, the co-en-
zyme NAD+ and ATP.
The end products of the Kreb's (TCA)
cycle are used to fuel the electron trans-
port chain. In other words, as the Kreb's
cycle (TCA) produces an abundance of
reduced electron carriers (NADH and
How are the TCA and ETC related? FADH2), it fuels the ETC. As the elec-
trons are transferred from NADH/FADH2
to terminal electron acceptors a proton
motor force is generated, ATP synthase
is activated and up to 34 molecules of
ATP can be produced.
No. Additional enzymatic steps are sim-
In the absence of sugars, are entire-
ply required at the beginning of catabo-
ly different metabolic pathways used to
lism to convert complex sugars into us-
process alternative sugar sources (fruc-
able forms of either glucose or a glucose
tose or lactose)?
intermediate (glucose-6-phosphate)
Proteases are used to breakdown pro-
Proteases are used to catabolize what? teins (whereas lipases are used to break-
down lipids)
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids can
Excluding sugars, what are the other all serve as potential energy sources in
sources of energy? Which is highest in the absence of sugar. Lipids are rich
energy? in energy, often having several reduced
carbon molecules (high in hydrogen con-
Metabolism is a controlled set of bio-
What is cellular metabolism? chemical reactions that occur in living
organisms in order to maintain life
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
Most notably, the enzyme is not con-
sumed during the reaction and can be
What is the primary function of enzymes, used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes
and how are they regulated? can also be regulated by a cofactor such
that in the absence of the proper co-
factor, enzymes are inactive while in its
presence enzymes are active.
Catabolism is the process of breaking
down larger molecules into useful energy
sources whereas anabolism is the build-
What is the difference between catabo-
ing up or biosynthesis od macromole-
lism and anabolism?
cules from smaller molecular units into
larger complexes, most often associated
with cellular growth and repair
ATP has the energy to , while
Donate, accept
ADP has the capacity to energy.
Chemotrophs, which acquire energy
from preformed chemicals found in the
environment, can be divided into either
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into
organotrophs (removing electrons from
what two additional subgroups?
organic molecules such as glucose) or
lithotrophs, which remove electrons from
inorganic molecules
Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphory-
lation (may also accept substrate level
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phos- phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphory-
phorylation? lation utilizes the energy released by the
chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform
ATP
Glycolysis is the first step of this process
and yields 2 molecules of ATP. Next, by
either fermentation (or respiration) 2 ad-
ditional molecules of ATP can be pro-
, duces. Last, the electron transport chain
What are the three distinct stages in the (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an oxida-
catabolism of glucose? tive phosphorylation event at the plasma
membrane.
Reactants are defined as any molecules
present and involved at the beginning of
a specific chemical reaction (ie) glycol-
ysis. In terms of writing out a chemical
What are the reactants of glycolysis?
reaction, the reactants are everything lo-
cated to the left of the arrow. The reac-
tants of glycolysis are glucose, the co-en-
zyme NAD+ and ATP.
The end products of the Kreb's (TCA)
cycle are used to fuel the electron trans-
port chain. In other words, as the Kreb's
cycle (TCA) produces an abundance of
reduced electron carriers (NADH and
How are the TCA and ETC related? FADH2), it fuels the ETC. As the elec-
trons are transferred from NADH/FADH2
to terminal electron acceptors a proton
motor force is generated, ATP synthase
is activated and up to 34 molecules of
ATP can be produced.
No. Additional enzymatic steps are sim-
In the absence of sugars, are entire-
ply required at the beginning of catabo-
ly different metabolic pathways used to
lism to convert complex sugars into us-
process alternative sugar sources (fruc-
able forms of either glucose or a glucose
tose or lactose)?
intermediate (glucose-6-phosphate)
Proteases are used to breakdown pro-
Proteases are used to catabolize what? teins (whereas lipases are used to break-
down lipids)
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids can
Excluding sugars, what are the other all serve as potential energy sources in
sources of energy? Which is highest in the absence of sugar. Lipids are rich
energy? in energy, often having several reduced
carbon molecules (high in hydrogen con-
