M4 Summary chapter 2-14
Intercultural Skills
Dahl (2000) The Problem of Meaning in Intercultural Communication - ANS-
Meaning and culture: meaning is attributed by people and how ppl make sense of
the world while in relation to others --- thus semiotics is central to study of meaning
- Interpretive anthropology: believes concept of meaning is central core of culture
itself
- Interactive definition of culture: shared codes make communication possible for a
group, based on negotiated meanings and constantly created/recreated in interaction
--Culture is constantly ongoing attempt of collective to define itself and its situation
- School of transmission and school of semiotics
- Management of 'problem of meaning' = willingness to empathise, lay down our own
answering signs to understand another's; dialogic= search for shared meaning
What is culture? - ANS- The term 'culture' comes from the word 'colere'
- Thomas Hylland Eriksen defined culture as
- There have been different definitions of the term and different manifestations..
- According to Thomas Sundnes Drønen...
- Øyvind Dahl also describes culture as..
- Previously, we were trained to think about culture..
Why is semiotics important to the study of intercultural competence? - ANS- We
belong to a shared universe of signs. Thus, using semiotics can be a useful strategy,
can help bring more understanding within communication.
- Semiotic school compared to transmission school
- For example, Geertz: frame of reference and culture in shared use of signs
- Dahl: shared signs make comm possible, based on negotiated meanings and
created/recreated in interaction
Dell Hymes "Communicative Competence" - ANSDeveloped as a response to
theory that was not interested in everyday speaking situations; Hymes focused on
concrete communication acts in sociocultural contexts, had impact on linguistics to
focus on comm in interaction rather than just grammatical competence
What is intercultural competence? - AND- Hymes's "Communicative Competence"
- Various models of intercultural competence, including attributes such as..
- Competence = skills, abilities and preparedness; "effectiveness"
, - According to Salo-Lee, Intercultural competence means to master both knowledge
and understanding of different cultures. It is the capacity to communicate with
another person with openness, respect, and trust, as well as to understand and
interpret them within communication. This intercultural dialogue can promote mutual
learning and understanding.
How can you become interculturally competent? - ANS- theoretical knowledge and
experience, continual learning process.
- sensitivity, knowledge and skills.
- interest in the social reality of how people speak and why
- personal attributes like open-mindedness, communication skills and cultural
awareness.
- Bhawuk and Triandis 4 developmental stages; Different theoreticians have given
models for how intercultural competence might be gained through both theoretical
knowledge and experience (Mezirow, Kim, Bennett)
Mezirow (Intl Competence) - ANS- says intercultural learning is a transformative
process where learners constantly review their meaning perspectives when
encountering situations and events which they cannot explain.
Kim (Intl Competence) - ANStalks about an intercultural identity that is formed as a
result of the learning process.
Bennet (Intl Competence) - ANSlooks at the gradual development of intercultural
sensitivity from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism stages. With the increasing ability to
interpret and evaluate behaviour from diff intercultural perspectives.
- Ethnocentrism =
- Ethnorelativism =
"We all here" - ANS- is the inclusive local perspective, and refers to expats who
return home with new multicultural identities and new competences. However, their
intercultural knowledge and experience is not always appreciated or utilized at home.
But it does blur the boundaries between "we" and "they"
"We all here and there" - ANSis the inclusive global perspective, refers to
intercultural meetings between people from different cultural backgrounds ie.
Norwegians and Chinese; they are not like encounters between objects but people in
interaction who define and influence each other mutually.
"We there" - ANSExpat perspective "we there": the ability to live and work effectively
on an overseas assignment in an intercultural environment involves professional
expertise, interaction and adaptation (acceptance, participation, satisfaction)
Intercultural Skills
Dahl (2000) The Problem of Meaning in Intercultural Communication - ANS-
Meaning and culture: meaning is attributed by people and how ppl make sense of
the world while in relation to others --- thus semiotics is central to study of meaning
- Interpretive anthropology: believes concept of meaning is central core of culture
itself
- Interactive definition of culture: shared codes make communication possible for a
group, based on negotiated meanings and constantly created/recreated in interaction
--Culture is constantly ongoing attempt of collective to define itself and its situation
- School of transmission and school of semiotics
- Management of 'problem of meaning' = willingness to empathise, lay down our own
answering signs to understand another's; dialogic= search for shared meaning
What is culture? - ANS- The term 'culture' comes from the word 'colere'
- Thomas Hylland Eriksen defined culture as
- There have been different definitions of the term and different manifestations..
- According to Thomas Sundnes Drønen...
- Øyvind Dahl also describes culture as..
- Previously, we were trained to think about culture..
Why is semiotics important to the study of intercultural competence? - ANS- We
belong to a shared universe of signs. Thus, using semiotics can be a useful strategy,
can help bring more understanding within communication.
- Semiotic school compared to transmission school
- For example, Geertz: frame of reference and culture in shared use of signs
- Dahl: shared signs make comm possible, based on negotiated meanings and
created/recreated in interaction
Dell Hymes "Communicative Competence" - ANSDeveloped as a response to
theory that was not interested in everyday speaking situations; Hymes focused on
concrete communication acts in sociocultural contexts, had impact on linguistics to
focus on comm in interaction rather than just grammatical competence
What is intercultural competence? - AND- Hymes's "Communicative Competence"
- Various models of intercultural competence, including attributes such as..
- Competence = skills, abilities and preparedness; "effectiveness"
, - According to Salo-Lee, Intercultural competence means to master both knowledge
and understanding of different cultures. It is the capacity to communicate with
another person with openness, respect, and trust, as well as to understand and
interpret them within communication. This intercultural dialogue can promote mutual
learning and understanding.
How can you become interculturally competent? - ANS- theoretical knowledge and
experience, continual learning process.
- sensitivity, knowledge and skills.
- interest in the social reality of how people speak and why
- personal attributes like open-mindedness, communication skills and cultural
awareness.
- Bhawuk and Triandis 4 developmental stages; Different theoreticians have given
models for how intercultural competence might be gained through both theoretical
knowledge and experience (Mezirow, Kim, Bennett)
Mezirow (Intl Competence) - ANS- says intercultural learning is a transformative
process where learners constantly review their meaning perspectives when
encountering situations and events which they cannot explain.
Kim (Intl Competence) - ANStalks about an intercultural identity that is formed as a
result of the learning process.
Bennet (Intl Competence) - ANSlooks at the gradual development of intercultural
sensitivity from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism stages. With the increasing ability to
interpret and evaluate behaviour from diff intercultural perspectives.
- Ethnocentrism =
- Ethnorelativism =
"We all here" - ANS- is the inclusive local perspective, and refers to expats who
return home with new multicultural identities and new competences. However, their
intercultural knowledge and experience is not always appreciated or utilized at home.
But it does blur the boundaries between "we" and "they"
"We all here and there" - ANSis the inclusive global perspective, refers to
intercultural meetings between people from different cultural backgrounds ie.
Norwegians and Chinese; they are not like encounters between objects but people in
interaction who define and influence each other mutually.
"We there" - ANSExpat perspective "we there": the ability to live and work effectively
on an overseas assignment in an intercultural environment involves professional
expertise, interaction and adaptation (acceptance, participation, satisfaction)
