,Contents
Chaptere01:eCellulareBiology......................................................................................................................... 4
Chaptere02:eAlteredeCellulareandeTissueeBiology:eEnvironmentaleAgents ................................................ 18
Chaptere03:eTheeCellulareEnvironment:eFluidseandeElectrolytes,eAcidseandeBases .................................. 31
Chaptere04:eGeneseandeGeneticeDiseases ................................................................................................. 44
Chaptere05:eGenes,eEnvironment-Lifestyle,eandeCommoneDiseases......................................................... 55
Chaptere06:eEpigeneticseandeDisease......................................................................................................... 63
Chaptere07:eInnateeImmunity:eInflammationeandeWoundeHealing .......................................................... 68
Chaptere08:eAdaptiveeImmunity ................................................................................................................. 83
Chaptere09:eAlterationseineImmunityeandeInflammation........................................................................... 95
Chaptere10:eInfection................................................................................................................................ 108
Chaptere11:eStresseandeDisease ............................................................................................................... 117
Chaptere12:eCancereBiology...................................................................................................................... 124
Chaptere13:eCancereEpidemiology ............................................................................................................ 137
Chaptere14:eCancereineChildren................................................................................................................ 143
Chaptere15:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeNeurologiceSystem............................................................. 148
Chaptere16:ePain,eTemperatureeRegulation,eSleep,eandeSensoryeFunction ............................................ 159
Chaptere17:eAlterationseineCognitiveeSystems,eCerebraleHemodynamics,eandeMotoreFunction ........... 174
Chaptere18:eDisorderseofetheeCentraleandePeripheraleNervouseSystemseandetheeNeuromusculareJunctio
n
................................................................................................................................................................ 188
Chaptere19:eNeurobiologyeofeSchizophrenia,eMoodeDisorders,eandeAnxietyeDisorders ........................ 199
Chaptere20:eAlterationseofeNeurologiceFunctioneineChildren .................................................................. 206
Chaptere21:eMechanismseofeHormonaleRegulation ................................................................................. 213
Chaptere22:eAlterationseofeHormonaleRegulation.................................................................................... 222
Chaptere23:eObesityeandeDisorderseofeNutrition ..................................................................................... 234
Chaptere24:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeReproductiveeSystems ....................................................... 239
Chaptere25:eAlterationseofetheeFemaleeReproductiveeSystem................................................................ 249
Chaptere26:eAlterationseofetheeMaleeReproductiveeSystem ................................................................... 259
Chaptere27:eSexuallyeTransmittedeInfections........................................................................................... 265
Chaptere28:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeHematologiceSystem .......................................................... 273
,Chaptere29:eAlterationseofeErythrocytes,ePlatelets,eandeHemostaticeFunction ...................................... 283
Chaptere30:eAlterationseofeLeukocyteeandeLymphoideFunction .............................................................. 293
Chaptere31:eAlterationseofeHematologiceFunctioneineChildren ............................................................... 300
Chaptere32:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeCardiovasculareandeLymphaticeSystems............................ 311
Chaptere33:eAlterationseofeCardiovasculareFunction ............................................................................... 324
Chaptere34:eAlterationseofeCardiovasculareFunctioneineChildren ............................................................ 338
Chaptere35:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheePulmonaryeSystem ............................................................. 346
Chaptere36:eAlterationseofePulmonaryeFunction ..................................................................................... 356
Chaptere37:eAlterationseofePulmonaryeFunctioneineChildren .................................................................. 373
Chaptere38:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeRenaleandeUrologiceSystems ............................................. 381
Chaptere39:eAlterationseofeRenaleandeUrinaryeTracteFunction ............................................................... 391
Chaptere40:eAlterationseofeRenaleandeUrinaryeTracteFunctioneineChildren ............................................ 401
Chaptere41:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeDigestiveeSystem ............................................................... 409
Chaptere42:eAlterationseofeDigestiveeFunction ........................................................................................ 421
Chaptere43:eAlterationseofeDigestiveeFunctioneineChildren ..................................................................... 432
Chaptere44:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeMusculoskeletaleSystem .................................................... 441
Chaptere45:eAlterationseofeMusculoskeletaleFunction ............................................................................. 453
Chaptere46:eAlterationseofeMusculoskeletaleFunctioneineChildren ......................................................... 466
Chaptere47:eStructure,eFunction,eandeDisorderseofetheeIntegument ...................................................... 475
Chaptere48:eAlterationseofetheeIntegumenteineChildren ......................................................................... 486
Chaptere49:eShock,eMultipleeOrganeDysfunctioneSyndrome,eandeBurnseineAdults ................................ 494
Chaptere50:eShock,eMultipleeOrganeDysfunctioneSyndrome,eandeBurnseineChildren ............................. 502
, Chaptere01:eCellulareBiology
MULTIPLEeCHOICE
1. Whichestatementebestedescribesetheecellularefunctioneofemetaboliceabsorption?
a. Cellsecaneproduceeproteins.
b. Cellsecanesecreteedigestiveeenzymes.
c. Cellsecanetakeeineandeuseenutrients.
d. Cellsecanesynthesizeefats.
ANS:e C
Inemetaboliceabsorption,eallecellsetakeeineandeuseenutrientseandeotheresubstancesefrometheiresurro
undings.eTheeremainingeoptionseareenoteinclusiveeinetheiredescriptionseofecellularemetaboliceabso
rption.
PTS:e e 1 DIF: CognitiveeLevel:eRemembering
2. Whereeisemosteofeaecell’segeneticeinformation,eincludingeRNAeandeDNA,econtained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:e C
Theenucleusecontainsetheenucleolus,eaesmalledenseestructureecomposedelargelyeofeRNA,emosteof
etheecellulareDNA,eandetheeDNA-
bindingeproteins,esucheasetheehistones,ewhicheregulateeitseactivity.eTheemitochondriaeareerespon
sibleeforecellularerespirationeandeenergyeproduction.
Ribosomes’echiefefunctioneisetoeprovideesiteseforecellulareproteinesynthesis.eLysosomesefunction
easetheeintracellularedigestiveesystem.
PTS:e e 1 DIF: CognitiveeLevel:eRemembering
3. Whichecomponenteofetheecelleproducesehydrogeneperoxidee(H2O2)ebyeusingeoxygenetoeremov
eehydrogeneatomsefromespecificesubstrateseineaneoxidativeereaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:e B
Chaptere01:eCellulareBiology......................................................................................................................... 4
Chaptere02:eAlteredeCellulareandeTissueeBiology:eEnvironmentaleAgents ................................................ 18
Chaptere03:eTheeCellulareEnvironment:eFluidseandeElectrolytes,eAcidseandeBases .................................. 31
Chaptere04:eGeneseandeGeneticeDiseases ................................................................................................. 44
Chaptere05:eGenes,eEnvironment-Lifestyle,eandeCommoneDiseases......................................................... 55
Chaptere06:eEpigeneticseandeDisease......................................................................................................... 63
Chaptere07:eInnateeImmunity:eInflammationeandeWoundeHealing .......................................................... 68
Chaptere08:eAdaptiveeImmunity ................................................................................................................. 83
Chaptere09:eAlterationseineImmunityeandeInflammation........................................................................... 95
Chaptere10:eInfection................................................................................................................................ 108
Chaptere11:eStresseandeDisease ............................................................................................................... 117
Chaptere12:eCancereBiology...................................................................................................................... 124
Chaptere13:eCancereEpidemiology ............................................................................................................ 137
Chaptere14:eCancereineChildren................................................................................................................ 143
Chaptere15:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeNeurologiceSystem............................................................. 148
Chaptere16:ePain,eTemperatureeRegulation,eSleep,eandeSensoryeFunction ............................................ 159
Chaptere17:eAlterationseineCognitiveeSystems,eCerebraleHemodynamics,eandeMotoreFunction ........... 174
Chaptere18:eDisorderseofetheeCentraleandePeripheraleNervouseSystemseandetheeNeuromusculareJunctio
n
................................................................................................................................................................ 188
Chaptere19:eNeurobiologyeofeSchizophrenia,eMoodeDisorders,eandeAnxietyeDisorders ........................ 199
Chaptere20:eAlterationseofeNeurologiceFunctioneineChildren .................................................................. 206
Chaptere21:eMechanismseofeHormonaleRegulation ................................................................................. 213
Chaptere22:eAlterationseofeHormonaleRegulation.................................................................................... 222
Chaptere23:eObesityeandeDisorderseofeNutrition ..................................................................................... 234
Chaptere24:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeReproductiveeSystems ....................................................... 239
Chaptere25:eAlterationseofetheeFemaleeReproductiveeSystem................................................................ 249
Chaptere26:eAlterationseofetheeMaleeReproductiveeSystem ................................................................... 259
Chaptere27:eSexuallyeTransmittedeInfections........................................................................................... 265
Chaptere28:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeHematologiceSystem .......................................................... 273
,Chaptere29:eAlterationseofeErythrocytes,ePlatelets,eandeHemostaticeFunction ...................................... 283
Chaptere30:eAlterationseofeLeukocyteeandeLymphoideFunction .............................................................. 293
Chaptere31:eAlterationseofeHematologiceFunctioneineChildren ............................................................... 300
Chaptere32:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeCardiovasculareandeLymphaticeSystems............................ 311
Chaptere33:eAlterationseofeCardiovasculareFunction ............................................................................... 324
Chaptere34:eAlterationseofeCardiovasculareFunctioneineChildren ............................................................ 338
Chaptere35:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheePulmonaryeSystem ............................................................. 346
Chaptere36:eAlterationseofePulmonaryeFunction ..................................................................................... 356
Chaptere37:eAlterationseofePulmonaryeFunctioneineChildren .................................................................. 373
Chaptere38:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeRenaleandeUrologiceSystems ............................................. 381
Chaptere39:eAlterationseofeRenaleandeUrinaryeTracteFunction ............................................................... 391
Chaptere40:eAlterationseofeRenaleandeUrinaryeTracteFunctioneineChildren ............................................ 401
Chaptere41:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeDigestiveeSystem ............................................................... 409
Chaptere42:eAlterationseofeDigestiveeFunction ........................................................................................ 421
Chaptere43:eAlterationseofeDigestiveeFunctioneineChildren ..................................................................... 432
Chaptere44:eStructureeandeFunctioneofetheeMusculoskeletaleSystem .................................................... 441
Chaptere45:eAlterationseofeMusculoskeletaleFunction ............................................................................. 453
Chaptere46:eAlterationseofeMusculoskeletaleFunctioneineChildren ......................................................... 466
Chaptere47:eStructure,eFunction,eandeDisorderseofetheeIntegument ...................................................... 475
Chaptere48:eAlterationseofetheeIntegumenteineChildren ......................................................................... 486
Chaptere49:eShock,eMultipleeOrganeDysfunctioneSyndrome,eandeBurnseineAdults ................................ 494
Chaptere50:eShock,eMultipleeOrganeDysfunctioneSyndrome,eandeBurnseineChildren ............................. 502
, Chaptere01:eCellulareBiology
MULTIPLEeCHOICE
1. Whichestatementebestedescribesetheecellularefunctioneofemetaboliceabsorption?
a. Cellsecaneproduceeproteins.
b. Cellsecanesecreteedigestiveeenzymes.
c. Cellsecanetakeeineandeuseenutrients.
d. Cellsecanesynthesizeefats.
ANS:e C
Inemetaboliceabsorption,eallecellsetakeeineandeuseenutrientseandeotheresubstancesefrometheiresurro
undings.eTheeremainingeoptionseareenoteinclusiveeinetheiredescriptionseofecellularemetaboliceabso
rption.
PTS:e e 1 DIF: CognitiveeLevel:eRemembering
2. Whereeisemosteofeaecell’segeneticeinformation,eincludingeRNAeandeDNA,econtained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:e C
Theenucleusecontainsetheenucleolus,eaesmalledenseestructureecomposedelargelyeofeRNA,emosteof
etheecellulareDNA,eandetheeDNA-
bindingeproteins,esucheasetheehistones,ewhicheregulateeitseactivity.eTheemitochondriaeareerespon
sibleeforecellularerespirationeandeenergyeproduction.
Ribosomes’echiefefunctioneisetoeprovideesiteseforecellulareproteinesynthesis.eLysosomesefunction
easetheeintracellularedigestiveesystem.
PTS:e e 1 DIF: CognitiveeLevel:eRemembering
3. Whichecomponenteofetheecelleproducesehydrogeneperoxidee(H2O2)ebyeusingeoxygenetoeremov
eehydrogeneatomsefromespecificesubstrateseineaneoxidativeereaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:e B
