Purdue NUR 221 FINAL EXAM | 241
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED
A+ | NEW UPDATE 2025
What is the purpose of the nervous system? - ANSWER Regulation of activities
involving internal organs and body's ability to interact with its environment
What is the primary cell of the nervous system? - ANSWER Neuron
-Nonmitotic (CANNOT REGENERATE)
-Primary fuel source is glucose
Describe the function of the components of the neuron - ANSWER -Soma: Cell
Body
-Dendrite: Carries impulses toward cell body
-Axon: Carries impulses away from the cell body
What does the myelin sheath do? - ANSWER Wraps around axon and acts as
an insulator for the conduction of impulses
What is the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers? -
ANSWER -Myelinated: Nerve fibers covered in myelin sheath
,-Unmyelinated: Nerve fibers do no have a myelin sheath covering
What is the function of neuroglia and neuroglial cells? - ANSWER -Neuroglia:
"Nerve Glue", supports neurons of CNS
-Neuroglial Cells: Provide structural support, nourishment, and protection
Describe nerve regeneration - ANSWER -Since they do not divide, injury can
cause permanent loss of function
-The closer to cell body the greater that chance the nerve cell will die and not
regenerate
Do mature nerve cells divide? - ANSWER NO
What factors determine nerve regeneration? - ANSWER -Location of injury
-Type of injury
-Inflammatory Response
-Scarring
Describe the synapse and how it works - ANSWER -Junction between one
neuron and the next where an impulse is transmitted
,How do neurotransmitters affect the synapse? - ANSWER They only move in
ONE DIRECTION
What are the primary neurotransmitters? - ANSWER -Acetylcholine
-Norepinephrine
-Epinephrine
What structures are involved both the CNS and PNS and what is their function? -
ANSWER CNS (Central Nervous System):
-Brain
-Spinal Cord
PNS (Peripheral nervous system):
-Cranial nerves
-Spinal
Forebrain functions and structures - ANSWER Telencephalon:
-Cerebral hemispheres
-Limbic system which mediates emotion via connection with prefrontal cortex
-Basal Ganglia which includes amygdala (pleasure center where memory is
associated with feeling)
, Diencephalon:
-Hypothalamus: Maintains constant internal environment, behavior patterns,
endocrine function/hormone synthesis, body temp regulation, emotional
expression, level of arousal or wakefulness, and pleasure-punishment centers
Midbrain functions and structures - ANSWER Mesencephalon:
-Voluntary and involuntary motor movement: ability of eyes to track and follow
and head movement to facilitate hearing
-Basal Ganglia: Dopamine synthesis
-Cerebral Aqueduct: movement of cerebral spinal fluid
-PARKINSONS IMPACTS THIS AREA
Hindbrain functions and structures - ANSWER Rhombencephalon:
-Cerebellum: maintains balance and posture
-Pons: transfers info between cerebellum and brain stem and between
hemispheres
-Medulla Oblongata: Controls heart rate, temp, respiration, and BP; Coughing,
sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting
Differentiate between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous
system - ANSWER Autonomic:
-Not controlled voluntarily
Somatic:
-Controls voluntary muscle movement
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED
A+ | NEW UPDATE 2025
What is the purpose of the nervous system? - ANSWER Regulation of activities
involving internal organs and body's ability to interact with its environment
What is the primary cell of the nervous system? - ANSWER Neuron
-Nonmitotic (CANNOT REGENERATE)
-Primary fuel source is glucose
Describe the function of the components of the neuron - ANSWER -Soma: Cell
Body
-Dendrite: Carries impulses toward cell body
-Axon: Carries impulses away from the cell body
What does the myelin sheath do? - ANSWER Wraps around axon and acts as
an insulator for the conduction of impulses
What is the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers? -
ANSWER -Myelinated: Nerve fibers covered in myelin sheath
,-Unmyelinated: Nerve fibers do no have a myelin sheath covering
What is the function of neuroglia and neuroglial cells? - ANSWER -Neuroglia:
"Nerve Glue", supports neurons of CNS
-Neuroglial Cells: Provide structural support, nourishment, and protection
Describe nerve regeneration - ANSWER -Since they do not divide, injury can
cause permanent loss of function
-The closer to cell body the greater that chance the nerve cell will die and not
regenerate
Do mature nerve cells divide? - ANSWER NO
What factors determine nerve regeneration? - ANSWER -Location of injury
-Type of injury
-Inflammatory Response
-Scarring
Describe the synapse and how it works - ANSWER -Junction between one
neuron and the next where an impulse is transmitted
,How do neurotransmitters affect the synapse? - ANSWER They only move in
ONE DIRECTION
What are the primary neurotransmitters? - ANSWER -Acetylcholine
-Norepinephrine
-Epinephrine
What structures are involved both the CNS and PNS and what is their function? -
ANSWER CNS (Central Nervous System):
-Brain
-Spinal Cord
PNS (Peripheral nervous system):
-Cranial nerves
-Spinal
Forebrain functions and structures - ANSWER Telencephalon:
-Cerebral hemispheres
-Limbic system which mediates emotion via connection with prefrontal cortex
-Basal Ganglia which includes amygdala (pleasure center where memory is
associated with feeling)
, Diencephalon:
-Hypothalamus: Maintains constant internal environment, behavior patterns,
endocrine function/hormone synthesis, body temp regulation, emotional
expression, level of arousal or wakefulness, and pleasure-punishment centers
Midbrain functions and structures - ANSWER Mesencephalon:
-Voluntary and involuntary motor movement: ability of eyes to track and follow
and head movement to facilitate hearing
-Basal Ganglia: Dopamine synthesis
-Cerebral Aqueduct: movement of cerebral spinal fluid
-PARKINSONS IMPACTS THIS AREA
Hindbrain functions and structures - ANSWER Rhombencephalon:
-Cerebellum: maintains balance and posture
-Pons: transfers info between cerebellum and brain stem and between
hemispheres
-Medulla Oblongata: Controls heart rate, temp, respiration, and BP; Coughing,
sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting
Differentiate between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous
system - ANSWER Autonomic:
-Not controlled voluntarily
Somatic:
-Controls voluntary muscle movement
