HESI ADAPTIVE QUIZ
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025 GRADED
A+
A client with a partial occlusion of the left common carotid artery is to be
discharged while still receiving warfarin. Which clinical adverse effect should
the nurse identify as a reason for the client to seek medical consultation?
Select all that apply.
A. Presence of blood in urine (hematuria).
B. Bruising noted at various stages of healing.
C. Delayed clotting from minor cuts and scrapes.
D. Bleeding from gums when brushing teeth.
E. Vomiting coffee-ground emesis. ( correct answers ) ANSWER: A, E
[Presence of blood in urine (hematuria).
Vomiting coffee-ground emesis.]
Rationale
Warfarin causes an increase in the prothrombin time and international
normalized ratio (INR) level, leading to an increased risk for bleeding. Any
abnormal or prolonged bleeding must be reported, because it may indicate
an excessive level of the drug. Common side effects including bruising,
delayed clotting and bleeding gums do not require immediate intervention.
However, hematuria and hemoptysis are evidence of more serious bleeding
and require immediate attention. Coffee-ground emesis is a sign of gastric
bleeding. Even though the emesis is not bright red, it still requires immediate
attention by a healthcare provider.
GRADED A+
,What should the nurse keep in mind when administering a benzodiazepine to
a client?
A. The medication can cause rebound insomnia if it is discontinued abruptly.
B. The medication should be administered cautiously for infants less than 6
months old.
C. The medication should be administered in higher dosage if the client
becomes incontinent.
D. The medication can cause fewer problems with dependence and abuse
than does a nonbenzodiazepine. ( correct answers ) ANSWER: A [The
medication can cause rebound insomnia if it is discontinued abruptly.]
Rationale
Benzodiazepine often leads to tolerance and withdrawal; therefore, it can
cause rebound insomnia when discontinued abruptly. Benzodiazepine is
contraindicated for infants less than 6 months old. Benzodiazepine should be
discontinued if the client becomes incontinent. Nonbenzodiazepines cause
fewer problems with dependence and abuse than do benzodiazepines.
Which medication requires the nurse to monitor the client for signs of
hyperkalemia?
A. Furosemide
B. Metolazone
C. Spironolactone
D. Hydrochlorothiazide ( correct answers ) ANSWER: C [Spironolactone]
GRADED A+
, Rationale
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic; hyperkalemia is an adverse
effect. Furosemide, metolazone, and hydrochlorothiazide generally cause
hypokalemia.
A client is taking lithium sodium. The nurse should notify the healthcare
provider for which laboratory value?
A. Negative protein in the urine
B. Prothrombin of 12.0 seconds
C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 20 mg/dL (7.1 mmol/L)
D. White blood cell (WBC) count of 15,000 mm 3 (15 X 10 9/L) ( correct
answers ) ANSWER: D [White blood cell (WBC) count of 15,000 mm 3 (15 X
10 9/L)]
Rationale
White cell counts can increase with this drug. The expected range of the
WBC count is 5000 to 10,000 mm 3 (5-10 X 10 9/L) for a healthy adult.
Urinalysis, BUN, and prothrombin are not necessary, and these are normal
values.
A client with an intractable infection is receiving vancomycin. Which
laboratory blood test result should the nurse report?
A. Hematocrit: 45%
B. Calcium: 9.0 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L)
C. White blood cells (WBC): 10,000 mm 3 (10 X 10 9/L)
D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 30 mg/dL (10.2 mmol/L) ( correct answers )
ANSWER: D [Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 30 mg/dL (10.2 mmol/L)]
Rationale
GRADED A+
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025 GRADED
A+
A client with a partial occlusion of the left common carotid artery is to be
discharged while still receiving warfarin. Which clinical adverse effect should
the nurse identify as a reason for the client to seek medical consultation?
Select all that apply.
A. Presence of blood in urine (hematuria).
B. Bruising noted at various stages of healing.
C. Delayed clotting from minor cuts and scrapes.
D. Bleeding from gums when brushing teeth.
E. Vomiting coffee-ground emesis. ( correct answers ) ANSWER: A, E
[Presence of blood in urine (hematuria).
Vomiting coffee-ground emesis.]
Rationale
Warfarin causes an increase in the prothrombin time and international
normalized ratio (INR) level, leading to an increased risk for bleeding. Any
abnormal or prolonged bleeding must be reported, because it may indicate
an excessive level of the drug. Common side effects including bruising,
delayed clotting and bleeding gums do not require immediate intervention.
However, hematuria and hemoptysis are evidence of more serious bleeding
and require immediate attention. Coffee-ground emesis is a sign of gastric
bleeding. Even though the emesis is not bright red, it still requires immediate
attention by a healthcare provider.
GRADED A+
,What should the nurse keep in mind when administering a benzodiazepine to
a client?
A. The medication can cause rebound insomnia if it is discontinued abruptly.
B. The medication should be administered cautiously for infants less than 6
months old.
C. The medication should be administered in higher dosage if the client
becomes incontinent.
D. The medication can cause fewer problems with dependence and abuse
than does a nonbenzodiazepine. ( correct answers ) ANSWER: A [The
medication can cause rebound insomnia if it is discontinued abruptly.]
Rationale
Benzodiazepine often leads to tolerance and withdrawal; therefore, it can
cause rebound insomnia when discontinued abruptly. Benzodiazepine is
contraindicated for infants less than 6 months old. Benzodiazepine should be
discontinued if the client becomes incontinent. Nonbenzodiazepines cause
fewer problems with dependence and abuse than do benzodiazepines.
Which medication requires the nurse to monitor the client for signs of
hyperkalemia?
A. Furosemide
B. Metolazone
C. Spironolactone
D. Hydrochlorothiazide ( correct answers ) ANSWER: C [Spironolactone]
GRADED A+
, Rationale
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic; hyperkalemia is an adverse
effect. Furosemide, metolazone, and hydrochlorothiazide generally cause
hypokalemia.
A client is taking lithium sodium. The nurse should notify the healthcare
provider for which laboratory value?
A. Negative protein in the urine
B. Prothrombin of 12.0 seconds
C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 20 mg/dL (7.1 mmol/L)
D. White blood cell (WBC) count of 15,000 mm 3 (15 X 10 9/L) ( correct
answers ) ANSWER: D [White blood cell (WBC) count of 15,000 mm 3 (15 X
10 9/L)]
Rationale
White cell counts can increase with this drug. The expected range of the
WBC count is 5000 to 10,000 mm 3 (5-10 X 10 9/L) for a healthy adult.
Urinalysis, BUN, and prothrombin are not necessary, and these are normal
values.
A client with an intractable infection is receiving vancomycin. Which
laboratory blood test result should the nurse report?
A. Hematocrit: 45%
B. Calcium: 9.0 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L)
C. White blood cells (WBC): 10,000 mm 3 (10 X 10 9/L)
D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 30 mg/dL (10.2 mmol/L) ( correct answers )
ANSWER: D [Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 30 mg/dL (10.2 mmol/L)]
Rationale
GRADED A+
