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apuntes anatomia

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May 19, 2025
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TEMA 6- SISTEMA OSTEOARTICULAR


1. EL SISTEMA ESQUELÉTICO

• Sostén principal del cuerpo
• Punto de inserción de los músculos
• Protección a los órganos vitales

- Componentes:

• Huesos: órgano firme, duro y resistente compuesto por materia orgánica
(osteína) e inorgánica (fosfato y carbonato cálcico)
• Ligamentos: tejido sólido y elástico que une los huesos entre ellos
• Articulaciones

1.1 LOS HUESOS

FORMA DE LOS HUESOS

- Hueso largo: son mas largos que anchos. Por ejemplo, la tibia y el fémur. Su
estructura está formada por:

• Epífisis (extremo): está formada principalmente por hueso esponjoso y
medula ósea roja
• Diáfisis (cuerpo): tubo constituido por hueso compacto y medula ósea
amarilla
• Metáfisis: porción que une las anteriores partes
• Cartílago articular: capa fina de cartílago que recubre la epífisis

- Huesos cortos: de aspecto cubico su función es transmitir fuerza. Son ejemplos de
este tipo de huesos la rótula y el hueso nasal

- Huesos planos: actúan como protectores de órganos para la inserción muscular.
Son ejemplos de huesos planos el omoplato y el occipital

- Huesos irregulares: sus tres dimensiones son diferentes. Son ejemplos de este tipo
de huesos las vertebras y los huesecillos del oído
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