NUR 313 CONTEMPORARY ISSUE IN
PROFESSIONAL NURSING FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!!
What are the main educational pathways to become a registered nurse (RN)?
a. Bachelor's degree (BSN)
b. Associate degree in nursing (ADN)
c. Hospital-based diploma program
d. High school health sciences certification
✔✔ Answer: a, b, c
The three primary routes to becoming an RN are a 4-year Bachelor of Science in
Nursing, a 2-year Associate Degree in Nursing, and a 3-year hospital diploma
program. About 5.6% of RNs in the U.S. are internationally educated—a practice
used to address nursing shortages, though it's sometimes debated.
Which of the following are common employment settings for nurses?
Select all that apply.
a. Hospitals
b. Community/public health centers
c. Private law firms
d. Insurance companies
e. Government agencies
f. Nursing homes and extended care facilities
g. Schools of nursing
✔✔ Answer: a, b, d, e, f, g
Nurses work in many settings, with hospitals being the most common.
Opportunities also exist in public health, education, government, insurance, and
long-term care.
What are key features of hospital-based nursing roles?
a. Nurses progress through clinical ladder programs
b. Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) lead clinical practice
c. Nurse managers have non-clinical roles and full unit accountability
d. Staffing is rigid and fixed
,e. All hospital RNs must hold doctoral degrees
✔✔ Answer: a, b, c
Hospital nurses can advance through structured clinical ladders, with CNSs often
at the top due to their specialized training. Nurse managers focus on
administration and are responsible for both successes and failures on their units.
Staffing often uses flexible scheduling systems. Educational backgrounds range
widely—from ADN to doctoral degrees.
What best describes community health nursing today?
a. Limited to temporary outreach programs
b. Decreasing due to lack of funding
c. Focuses only on treating acute conditions
d. Growing as more care shifts out of hospitals
✔✔ Answer: d. Growing as more care shifts out of hospitals
Community health nurses work in public and private agencies, focusing on chronic
care, prevention, and public health initiatives. Home health care is expanding
rapidly as the healthcare system increasingly delivers services in patients’ homes.
Nurse Practice Opportunities - ANSWER✔✔Nurse entrepreneur
HESI and NCLEX
Office-based nursing
Occupational and environmental health
Military nursing
School nursing
Hospice and palliative care
Telehealth nursing
Faith community nursing
Work with churches and anything involving spiritual or religion aspects
Nursing informatics
Nurse Practice Opportunities requiring higher degrees - ANSWER✔✔Nurse
Educators
Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL)
Still not been recognized as an advanced nurse practitioner
Debate is that CNL is doing what the CNS is doing but not required to have the
amount of training that the CNS has
Advanced Practice Nursing (APN)
Certified Nurse Practitioner (CNP)
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
,Certified nurse-midwife (CNM)
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
Issues in Advanced Practice nursing - ANSWER✔✔APNs: work to change laws to
increase their scope of practice.
The need for increased roles for APNs has been validated by research establishing
Safety
Cost-efficiency
High level of patient acceptance
APNs have increased efficiency and availability of primary health care delivery in
the U.S. while reducing costs.
Employment Outlook In Nursing - ANSWER✔✔Nurses can expect employment
opportunities to grow.
Home health care positions are expected to increase fastest.
Several factors contribute
Technological advances
Increase in primary care
Aging population
Increased percentage of medical procedures performed in outpatient settings.
Influence of Florence Nightingale - ANSWER✔✔Founder of modern nursing.
Daughter of a privileged, aristocratic family.
Stifled by her social position, she entered nurses' training at age 30.
She spurred reform of the British Army medical system based on her efforts
during Crimean War.
Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not to establish nursing's unique body
of knowledge.
1860: Founded first training school for nurses in London.
1861-1873: The American Civil War: An Impetus for Training for Nursing
At start, no nurses were available to serve
As war continued, women responded to needs of sick and wounded by
volunteering as nurses
Leaders Emerged - ANSWER✔✔Dorothea Dix: Union Superintendent of Union
Army Nurses, Mental health
Sojourner Truth: Abolitionist
Harriet Tubman: "Underground railroad"
Clara Barton: founded American Red Cross
, Phoebe Pember: Confederate hospital matron
After the Civil War - ANSWER✔✔The Civil War prompted a move toward formal
education of nurses.
Three American schools were modeled after Nightingale's school and opened in
1873:
Bellevue Training School for Nurses (New York City)
Connecticut Training School for Nurses (New Haven)
Boston Training School for Nurses at Massachusetts General Hospital
The Feminization of Nursing - ANSWER✔✔Requirements for early nursing
school applicants were based on Victorian stereotypes of female qualities.
"Good breeding" and "ladylike behavior"
Submission to authority
Sensitivity
Intelligence
Discrimination in Early Training - ANSWER✔✔Discrimination against male,
African-American, and Jewish applicants
First school exclusively for men:
School for Male Nurses at the New York City Training School (1986)
First school exclusively for African Americans:
Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary (later Spelman College)
Professionalism Through Organization - ANSWER✔✔Chicago World's Fair
(1893)
Nursing leaders gathered to share ideas
Isabel Hampton Robb: curriculumThe Feminizatio n development
Lavinia Lloyd Dock: ideas and issues
Bedford Fenwick: ideas and issues
Florence Nightingale Paper: training
The National League for Nursing (NLN) was formed at this meeting.
1896: American Nurses Association (ANA)
Founded by Isabel Hampton Robb
1899: International Council of Nurses (ICN)
1908: National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses
1916: African-American students admitted to ANA through states in the North
PROFESSIONAL NURSING FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!!
What are the main educational pathways to become a registered nurse (RN)?
a. Bachelor's degree (BSN)
b. Associate degree in nursing (ADN)
c. Hospital-based diploma program
d. High school health sciences certification
✔✔ Answer: a, b, c
The three primary routes to becoming an RN are a 4-year Bachelor of Science in
Nursing, a 2-year Associate Degree in Nursing, and a 3-year hospital diploma
program. About 5.6% of RNs in the U.S. are internationally educated—a practice
used to address nursing shortages, though it's sometimes debated.
Which of the following are common employment settings for nurses?
Select all that apply.
a. Hospitals
b. Community/public health centers
c. Private law firms
d. Insurance companies
e. Government agencies
f. Nursing homes and extended care facilities
g. Schools of nursing
✔✔ Answer: a, b, d, e, f, g
Nurses work in many settings, with hospitals being the most common.
Opportunities also exist in public health, education, government, insurance, and
long-term care.
What are key features of hospital-based nursing roles?
a. Nurses progress through clinical ladder programs
b. Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) lead clinical practice
c. Nurse managers have non-clinical roles and full unit accountability
d. Staffing is rigid and fixed
,e. All hospital RNs must hold doctoral degrees
✔✔ Answer: a, b, c
Hospital nurses can advance through structured clinical ladders, with CNSs often
at the top due to their specialized training. Nurse managers focus on
administration and are responsible for both successes and failures on their units.
Staffing often uses flexible scheduling systems. Educational backgrounds range
widely—from ADN to doctoral degrees.
What best describes community health nursing today?
a. Limited to temporary outreach programs
b. Decreasing due to lack of funding
c. Focuses only on treating acute conditions
d. Growing as more care shifts out of hospitals
✔✔ Answer: d. Growing as more care shifts out of hospitals
Community health nurses work in public and private agencies, focusing on chronic
care, prevention, and public health initiatives. Home health care is expanding
rapidly as the healthcare system increasingly delivers services in patients’ homes.
Nurse Practice Opportunities - ANSWER✔✔Nurse entrepreneur
HESI and NCLEX
Office-based nursing
Occupational and environmental health
Military nursing
School nursing
Hospice and palliative care
Telehealth nursing
Faith community nursing
Work with churches and anything involving spiritual or religion aspects
Nursing informatics
Nurse Practice Opportunities requiring higher degrees - ANSWER✔✔Nurse
Educators
Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL)
Still not been recognized as an advanced nurse practitioner
Debate is that CNL is doing what the CNS is doing but not required to have the
amount of training that the CNS has
Advanced Practice Nursing (APN)
Certified Nurse Practitioner (CNP)
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
,Certified nurse-midwife (CNM)
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
Issues in Advanced Practice nursing - ANSWER✔✔APNs: work to change laws to
increase their scope of practice.
The need for increased roles for APNs has been validated by research establishing
Safety
Cost-efficiency
High level of patient acceptance
APNs have increased efficiency and availability of primary health care delivery in
the U.S. while reducing costs.
Employment Outlook In Nursing - ANSWER✔✔Nurses can expect employment
opportunities to grow.
Home health care positions are expected to increase fastest.
Several factors contribute
Technological advances
Increase in primary care
Aging population
Increased percentage of medical procedures performed in outpatient settings.
Influence of Florence Nightingale - ANSWER✔✔Founder of modern nursing.
Daughter of a privileged, aristocratic family.
Stifled by her social position, she entered nurses' training at age 30.
She spurred reform of the British Army medical system based on her efforts
during Crimean War.
Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not to establish nursing's unique body
of knowledge.
1860: Founded first training school for nurses in London.
1861-1873: The American Civil War: An Impetus for Training for Nursing
At start, no nurses were available to serve
As war continued, women responded to needs of sick and wounded by
volunteering as nurses
Leaders Emerged - ANSWER✔✔Dorothea Dix: Union Superintendent of Union
Army Nurses, Mental health
Sojourner Truth: Abolitionist
Harriet Tubman: "Underground railroad"
Clara Barton: founded American Red Cross
, Phoebe Pember: Confederate hospital matron
After the Civil War - ANSWER✔✔The Civil War prompted a move toward formal
education of nurses.
Three American schools were modeled after Nightingale's school and opened in
1873:
Bellevue Training School for Nurses (New York City)
Connecticut Training School for Nurses (New Haven)
Boston Training School for Nurses at Massachusetts General Hospital
The Feminization of Nursing - ANSWER✔✔Requirements for early nursing
school applicants were based on Victorian stereotypes of female qualities.
"Good breeding" and "ladylike behavior"
Submission to authority
Sensitivity
Intelligence
Discrimination in Early Training - ANSWER✔✔Discrimination against male,
African-American, and Jewish applicants
First school exclusively for men:
School for Male Nurses at the New York City Training School (1986)
First school exclusively for African Americans:
Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary (later Spelman College)
Professionalism Through Organization - ANSWER✔✔Chicago World's Fair
(1893)
Nursing leaders gathered to share ideas
Isabel Hampton Robb: curriculumThe Feminizatio n development
Lavinia Lloyd Dock: ideas and issues
Bedford Fenwick: ideas and issues
Florence Nightingale Paper: training
The National League for Nursing (NLN) was formed at this meeting.
1896: American Nurses Association (ANA)
Founded by Isabel Hampton Robb
1899: International Council of Nurses (ICN)
1908: National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses
1916: African-American students admitted to ANA through states in the North
