NUR 324 Fundamentals EXAM 1 Verified Questions
And Answers Real Updates
examples of pathogens ANS bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions
what is virulence ANS the ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a host
what are standard precautions ANS They are used during every patient interaction. Often described as
"acting like every patient has a disease that can be easily transmitted to the HCP"
examples of standard precautions ANS hand hygiene, PPE, resp. hygiene and cough etiquette, sharps
safety, safe injection practices, sterile instruments, and clean/disinfected environmental surface
What is the chain of infection? ANS infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal
of entry, susceptible host
what are resident organisms? ANS the normal flora of the body
do resident organisms cause illness to the body? ANS no because these are permanent bacteria that exist on
the host's skin and inside the body
what 4 factors go into the potential of a disease developing? ANS the number of microorganisms
virulence of the microorganisms
ability to enter/survive the host
susceptibility of the host
what is reservoir? ANS a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer
examples of reservoirs for pathogens? ANS humans, animals, infects, food, surfaces
examples of environmental factors that effect the survival of an organism? ANS food, oxygen, water,
temperature, pH, and light
,what is the "portal of entrance/exit" in the chain of infection? ANS where the microorganism enters or
exits the hosts body
examples of portals of entrance/exit in the chain of infection? ANS blood, skin, mucous membranes, GI,
GU, transplacental
what is the most common mode of transportation for pathogens? ANS hands and medical equipment
what are 6 modes of transportation in the chain of infection? ANS direct contact
indirect contact
droplets
airborne
vehicles
vectors
what are the 4 steps of the infectious process? ANS incubation
prodromal stage
illness stage
convalescence
what occurs during the incubation period of the infectious process? ANS the time between exposure to first
symptoms - varies per disease
what occurs during the prodromal stage of the infectious process? ANS interval from the start of
nonspecific symptoms to progression of more specific symptoms
what occurs during the illness stage of the infectious process? ANS interval when patient has specific signs
and symptoms of disease
what occurs during the convalescence period of the infectious process? ANS interval when acute
symptoms of infection disappear
, where do local infections occur ANS one area of the body
where do systemic infections occur ANS entire body, can be very serious
what can disrupt the balance between good and bad bacteria, leading to a superinfection? ANS antibiotics
what is the first line of defense against harmful bacteria and pathogens? ANS the skin barrier
what occurs as a cellular response of the body to injury and infection ANS inflammation
inflammation draws what to the site of a injrury? ANS blood, fluid, and nutrients
what age group has a reduced inflammatory and immune response ANS older adults / elderly
what are the atypical findings/manifestations that may occur in the elderly when they are experiencing an
infection? ANS agitation, confusion, incontinence
why does the elderly experience atypical findings when experiencing an infection? ANS because they have
diminished immune responses
what are HAIs? ANS health-care associated infections
what is another name for HAIs? ANS nosocomial infections
what is an HAI/nosocomial infection? ANS infections that a client acquires while receiving care in a health
care setting
a patient reports that they are suffering from a staph infection as a nosocomial infection. where in the hospital
were they most likely to contract the infection?? ANS in the ICU
And Answers Real Updates
examples of pathogens ANS bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions
what is virulence ANS the ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a host
what are standard precautions ANS They are used during every patient interaction. Often described as
"acting like every patient has a disease that can be easily transmitted to the HCP"
examples of standard precautions ANS hand hygiene, PPE, resp. hygiene and cough etiquette, sharps
safety, safe injection practices, sterile instruments, and clean/disinfected environmental surface
What is the chain of infection? ANS infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal
of entry, susceptible host
what are resident organisms? ANS the normal flora of the body
do resident organisms cause illness to the body? ANS no because these are permanent bacteria that exist on
the host's skin and inside the body
what 4 factors go into the potential of a disease developing? ANS the number of microorganisms
virulence of the microorganisms
ability to enter/survive the host
susceptibility of the host
what is reservoir? ANS a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer
examples of reservoirs for pathogens? ANS humans, animals, infects, food, surfaces
examples of environmental factors that effect the survival of an organism? ANS food, oxygen, water,
temperature, pH, and light
,what is the "portal of entrance/exit" in the chain of infection? ANS where the microorganism enters or
exits the hosts body
examples of portals of entrance/exit in the chain of infection? ANS blood, skin, mucous membranes, GI,
GU, transplacental
what is the most common mode of transportation for pathogens? ANS hands and medical equipment
what are 6 modes of transportation in the chain of infection? ANS direct contact
indirect contact
droplets
airborne
vehicles
vectors
what are the 4 steps of the infectious process? ANS incubation
prodromal stage
illness stage
convalescence
what occurs during the incubation period of the infectious process? ANS the time between exposure to first
symptoms - varies per disease
what occurs during the prodromal stage of the infectious process? ANS interval from the start of
nonspecific symptoms to progression of more specific symptoms
what occurs during the illness stage of the infectious process? ANS interval when patient has specific signs
and symptoms of disease
what occurs during the convalescence period of the infectious process? ANS interval when acute
symptoms of infection disappear
, where do local infections occur ANS one area of the body
where do systemic infections occur ANS entire body, can be very serious
what can disrupt the balance between good and bad bacteria, leading to a superinfection? ANS antibiotics
what is the first line of defense against harmful bacteria and pathogens? ANS the skin barrier
what occurs as a cellular response of the body to injury and infection ANS inflammation
inflammation draws what to the site of a injrury? ANS blood, fluid, and nutrients
what age group has a reduced inflammatory and immune response ANS older adults / elderly
what are the atypical findings/manifestations that may occur in the elderly when they are experiencing an
infection? ANS agitation, confusion, incontinence
why does the elderly experience atypical findings when experiencing an infection? ANS because they have
diminished immune responses
what are HAIs? ANS health-care associated infections
what is another name for HAIs? ANS nosocomial infections
what is an HAI/nosocomial infection? ANS infections that a client acquires while receiving care in a health
care setting
a patient reports that they are suffering from a staph infection as a nosocomial infection. where in the hospital
were they most likely to contract the infection?? ANS in the ICU
